By differentiating between five specific forms of cybervictimization (denigration, betrayal, social exclusion, cyberstalking, happy slapping), the present study examined the multifaceted structure of cybervictimization and specific relationships of these five forms of cybervictimization with students' self-esteem and social relationships.…

In recently published studies on cyberbullying, students are frequently categorized into distinct (cyber)bully and (cyber)victim clusters based on theoretical assumptions and arbitrary cut-off scores adapted from traditional bullying research. The present study identified involvement classes empirically using latent class analysis (LCA), to…

Cyberbullying is usually defined by utilizing offline criteria for bullying ("repetition," "power imbalance," "intent to harm"). However, this ignores the potential relevance of cyber-specific factors ("publicity," "medium," "type" [i.e., denigration]). We compared six factors, each with…

Bullying perpetration at school is a long-term predictor of aggression, delinquency, and violence. Most research concentrates on risk factors for such developments, whereas protective factors have been rarely addressed. Therefore, the present study investigates potentially protective effects of family and child characteristics in a prospective…