Introduces assumptions about instrumental outcomes in teaching art education. Argues that, through instrumental outcomes, art causes students to think in new ways and knowledge is transferred from the study of art to traditional subjects. Presents research findings and implemented programs that support relationships among art instruction,…

Justifies the need for arts specialists in elementary schools. Utilizes the Dallas (Texas) Independent School District (DISD) to illustrate the problems of lacking an arts specialist and provides different alternatives for arts education. Depicts the different groups that are important to the cause of returning arts specialists to the schools.…