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Descriptors:
Performance Based Assessment; Teacher Education; Data Analysis; Student Leadership; Testing; Resident Advisers; Statistical Analysis; Substance Abuse; Leadership; Workshops

Abstract:
A primary goal of assessment is to deliver truthful and clear information that can be used to inform and improve outcomes. Although there are multiple ways to achieve this goal, common approaches can be broken down into two major categories: (1) direct assessment; and (2) indirect assessment. Indirect assessment typically relies on general measures and students' self-reports of what they have learned. Direct assessment, on the other hand, is a good way to observe very tangible evidence of assessment outcomes. Direct assessments are those using "structured, predetermined response options that can be summarized into meaningful numbers and analyzed statistically." Whereas indirect assessments provide a picture of student perspectives, direct assessments indicate what they actually know or are able to do. Direct assessment can take many forms, such as quizzes, commercial tests, and portfolios. All of these direct assessments share a common theme of being able to demonstrate the students' learning. Conducting direct assessment can provide assessment data that are viewed as more valid and legitimate by both staff and faculty alike. In this article, the authors outline how three separate departments at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) used direct assessments to develop a better understanding of what their students knew, as well as to enhance their trainings and workshops. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Dyslexia; Outcomes of Treatment; Instructional Effectiveness; Reading Skills; Spelling Instruction; Workshops; After School Programs; Interdisciplinary Approach; Writing Skills; Special Needs Students; Decoding (Reading); Reading Writing Relationship

Abstract:
To identify effective treatment for both the spelling and word decoding problems in dyslexia, 24 students with dyslexia in grades 4 to 9 were randomly assigned to treatments A (n = 12) or B (n = 12) in an after-school reading-writers' workshop at the university (thirty 1-h sessions twice a week over 5 months). First, both groups received step 1 treatment of grapheme-phoneme correspondences (gpc) for oral reading. At step 2, treatment A received gpc training for both oral reading and spelling, and treatment B received gpc training for oral reading and phonological awareness. At step 3, treatment A received orthographic spelling strategy and rapid accelerated reading program (RAP) training, and treatment B continued step 2 training. At step 4, treatment A received morphological strategies and RAP training, and treatment B received orthographic spelling strategy training. Each treatment also had the same integrated reading-writing activities, which many school assignments require. Both groups improved significantly in automatic letter writing, spelling real words, compositional fluency, and oral reading (decoding) rate. Treatment A significantly outperformed treatment B in decoding rate after step 3 orthographic training, which in turn uniquely predicted spelling real words. Letter processing rate increased during step 3 RAP training and correlated significantly with two silent reading fluency measures. Adding orthographic strategies with "working memory in mind" to phonics helps students with dyslexia spell and read English words. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Special Education; Depression (Psychology); Developmental Disabilities; Burnout; Preschool Teachers; Workshops; Young Children; Special Education Teachers; Self Efficacy; Early Childhood Education; Teacher Burnout; Anxiety; Faculty Mobility; Pilot Projects; Preschool Education; Evaluation; Intervention; Evidence; Feedback (Response)

Abstract:
High stress and burnout are common for early childhood special educators, contributing to high rates of attrition, diminished educational effectiveness, and high turnover. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of problems. Using a randomized wait-list control design, this pilot study evaluated whether ACT workshops delivered to preschool teachers who serve children with developmental disabilities would improve stress-related problems of teachers (i.e., stress, depression, and burnout) and increase collegial support. At pretest, measures of "experiential avoidance" (EA) and "mindful awareness" (MA) showed significant relationships to reports of depression, stress, and burnout. The intervention reduced staff members' EA, increased teachers' MA and "valued living" (VL), and improved teachers' sense of efficacy. This suggests that ACT workshops can help influence factors affecting depression, stress, and burnout in an early childhood special education setting. (Contains 6 tables and 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Teaching Methods; Autism; Early Intervention; Workshops; Fidelity; Pervasive Developmental Disorders; Comparative Analysis; Trainers; Young Children; Feedback (Response); Scores

Abstract:
The growing number of Autism Spectrum Disorder cases exceeds the services available for these children. This increase challenges both researchers and service providers to develop systematic, effective dissemination strategies for transporting university research models to community early intervention (EI) programs. The current study developed an abbreviated training workshop to teach the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) to 24 community EI practitioners and examined their fidelity of implementation posttraining and 4 months later. Practitioners successfully implemented and self-assessed their delivery of the ESDM teaching strategies compared with fidelity ratings by expert trainers by the end of the workshop. Those who submitted follow-up materials met fidelity in their direct delivery, whereas their self-assessment of skill delivery appeared lower compared with trainers' fidelity ratings. Findings are discussed about the immediate gains and challenges of community-based dissemination of the ESDM, and the priority for continued research in implementation science to support and sustain intervention delivery. (Contains 2 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Information Sources; Stakeholders; Statistical Analysis; Foreign Countries; Internet; Printed Materials; Marketing; Information Systems; Researchers; Role Models; Agricultural Production; Identification; Questionnaires; Incentives; Economics; Workshops; Agricultural Occupations

Abstract:
Purpose: To identify and review production and marketing information sources and flows for smallholder cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) growers in Tanzania and recommend systems improvements for better technology uptake. Design/methodology/approach: Two-stage purposive samples were drawn. First, two districts in the main cashew producing areas, one with significant research investment and good marketing infrastructure and the other a counterfactual. Second, two villages were purposively selected from each district to provide the maximum contrast of variables pertinent to the study. Field data were collected using a semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire complimented by field verification and a wrap-up stakeholders' workshop. The data were analysed using chi-square test and the orderly probit model. Findings: Sources of information and flows varied between districts and villages. For production, the most reliable sources were role model farmers (RMFs), extensionists, radio, on-farm demonstrations, researchers, cashew development centres (CDCs), print media and mobile phones in order of popularity. RMFs, radio programmes, extensionists, interactions with researchers, CDCs and print were the main pathways. For marketing, primary society notice boards, radio announcements, RMFs, extensionists, mobile phones and print were listed in order of popularity. Print media was the least popular due to a low level of literacy among growers. RMFs were popular actors in the information systems irrespective of social-economic background. Practical implications: Policy change and additional resources are required for improvement of existing information systems. Additionally, incentive structures that will enhance and sustain continued investment in cashew production should be emphasized. Originality and value: This is the first attempt in the Tanzanian cashew sector to analyse and link social economics of growers with information sources, communication channels and technology uptake. (Contains 7 figures, 4 tables and 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Preservice Teacher Education; Discourse Analysis; Educational Change; Preservice Teachers; Literacy Education; Case Studies; Leadership; Workshops; Culturally Relevant Education; Student Attitudes; Personal Narratives

Abstract:
Critically oriented forms of discourse analysis have focused largely on oppression and injustice. Signaling a new turn in the field, scholars have called for an analytic focus on moments of liberation and agency, referring to this orientation as "positive discourse analysis" (PDA). In this research, we turn our attention to a case study of agency and leadership in teacher education. We analyze the discursive contours of a workshop designed and presented at an Educating for Change Curriculum Fair by a preservice teacher, whom we refer to as Leslie, about culturally relevant teaching. Arguing that PDA is not a new approach but a shift in analytic focus, we draw on the tools of narrative analysis, critical discourse analysis, and multimodal analysis. This turn toward the "positive" provided us with insight into the discourses processes associated with agency: how Leslie accepts and extends invitations for agency, uses problems to extend learning, uses narratives and counter-narratives and creates multiple storylines for herself and others. We call for further research that considers agency across contexts so that we might be better able to identify agentic stances and deepen such acts. (Contains 2 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Principals; Professional Development; Data; Teaching Methods; Learning Processes; Video Technology; Educational Improvement; Workshops; Foreign Countries

Abstract:
International research documents a variety of approaches for fostering the professional development of principals. These studies mainly draw upon survey and interview data. Less attention has been paid to observing professional development processes. This article aims to examine how professional learning is played out empirically in the interactions among members of a school improvement team in a Norwegian context by paying special attention to school data as the departure for professional development of principals. Cultural Historical Activity Theory frames the analysis. The findings suggest that video clips of teaching practices stimulate engagement among team members and, hence, mediate professional learning processes beyond the situations presented in the workshops. These video clips triggered analyses of how to understand and improve teaching practices. In addition, external facilitation seemed crucial for anchoring the analysis theoretically, and for highlighting implications for leadership in the workshops. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Archives; Information Literacy; Curriculum Development; Workshops; Program Descriptions; Educational Principles; Curriculum Design; Instructional Design; Cooperative Planning; Teamwork; Library Instruction; Social Sciences

Abstract:
This article describes a year-long application of critical information literacy theory for social-science-related library workshops. Each of these workshops had a customized section that included working with special collections and university archives. The students who participated ranged from incoming freshman to seniors at Stanford University. The curriculum development method for these workshops is based on principles of collaborative co-design. (Contains 1 figure and 5 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Indigenous Populations; Stakeholders; Smoking; Health Personnel; Concept Mapping; Focus Groups; Cultural Relevance; Workshops; Brainstorming; Health Promotion; Prevention; Health Behavior; Behavior Change; Public Health; Community Health Services; Program Development; Interviews; Multivariate Analysis

Abstract:
Aboriginal Australians, including Aboriginal Health Workers (AHWs), smoke at rates double the non-Aboriginal population. This study utilized concept mapping methodology to identify and prioritize culturally relevant strategies to promote smoking cessation in AHWs. Stakeholder participants included AHWs, other health service employees and tobacco control personnel. Smoking cessation strategies (n = 74) were brainstormed using 34 interviews, 3 focus groups and a stakeholder workshop. Stakeholders sorted strategies into meaningful groups and rated them on perceived importance and feasibility. A concept map was developed using multi-dimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analyses. Ten unique clusters of smoking cessation strategies were depicted that targeted individuals, family and peers, community, workplace and public policy. Smoking cessation resources and services were represented in addition to broader strategies addressing social and environmental stressors that perpetuate smoking and make quitting difficult. The perceived importance and feasibility of clusters were rated differently by participants working in health services that were government-coordinated compared with community-controlled. For health service workers within vulnerable populations, these findings clearly implicate a need for contextualized strategies that mitigate social and environmental stressors in addition to conventional strategies for tobacco control. The concept map is being applied in knowledge translation to guide development of smoking cessation programs for AHWs. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Stress Variables; Stress Management; Psychoeducational Methods; College Freshmen; Resilience (Psychology); Executive Function; Workshops; Lesson Plans; Skill Development; Brain; Academic Achievement; Student Adjustment; Academic Persistence; First Generation College Students; Minority Group Students; Research Methodology

Abstract:
The intent of the following project is to highlight information about the stress response, resilience, and executive function development and to apply it to first-year postsecondary student populations in a workshop format. The first part of the project presents three comprehensive literature reviews of academic research available on these subjects. The second part offers a workshop guide broken down into four detailed lesson plans for potential facilitators to carry out four 50-minute workshops. These workshops are intended to be psychoeducational and address the information presented in the report. The workshops may be presented individually or as a series to enable appropriate application to students. The focus of this project is to address the significance of the unique stressors experienced by first-year students with the aim of promoting resilience by developing executive function abilities. The proposed workshop may be instrumental in assisting students to develop these abilities, which may reduce student attrition rates and assist students in accomplishing goals and responding resiliently to stress during their postsecondary education and throughout their lives. The following are appended: (1) Surviving the First Year of Postsecondary Education: Four Workshop Session Plans; and (2) Workshop Evaluation Form. (Contains 1 table, 1 figure, and 7 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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