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Pub Date: |
2013-01-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Health Promotion; Outcome Measures; Stress Management; Rehabilitation Counseling; Counselors; Health; Quality of Life; Research Design; Dietetics; Exercise; Correlation; Disabilities; Surveys; Employment; Diseases; Neurological Impairments
Abstract:
The main objective of this study was to examine the mediational and moderational effect of exercise, diet, and stress management on the relationship between functional disability and health-related quality of life. Quantitative descriptive research design using multiple regression and correlation techniques was used. Participants were 215 individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Outcome measure used was health-related quality of life as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12v2). Functional disability and health-promoting behaviors including exercise, diet, and stress management were found to be associated with health-related quality of life. Exercise and stress management (but not diet) were partial mediators between functional disability and health-related quality of life. Exercise was found to be a moderator between functional disability and health-related quality of life. Exercise had a stronger effect on health-related quality of life for individuals with lower functional disability than people with higher functional disability. Health-promoting behaviors are important for health-related quality of life, and health-related quality of life in turn is related to better employment outcomes. Health-promoting behaviors can also mediate the relationship between functional disability and health-related quality of life. Rehabilitation counselors should consider including health promotion interventions in vocational rehabilitation services for individuals with MS. (Contains 1 table and 2 figures.)
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Pub Date: |
2013-02-04 |
Pub Type(s): |
Information Analyses; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
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Descriptors:
Stress Variables; Stress Management; Psychoeducational Methods; College Freshmen; Resilience (Psychology); Executive Function; Workshops; Lesson Plans; Skill Development; Brain; Academic Achievement; Student Adjustment; Academic Persistence; First Generation College Students; Minority Group Students; Research Methodology
Abstract:
The intent of the following project is to highlight information about the stress response, resilience, and executive function development and to apply it to first-year postsecondary student populations in a workshop format. The first part of the project presents three comprehensive literature reviews of academic research available on these subjects. The second part offers a workshop guide broken down into four detailed lesson plans for potential facilitators to carry out four 50-minute workshops. These workshops are intended to be psychoeducational and address the information presented in the report. The workshops may be presented individually or as a series to enable appropriate application to students. The focus of this project is to address the significance of the unique stressors experienced by first-year students with the aim of promoting resilience by developing executive function abilities. The proposed workshop may be instrumental in assisting students to develop these abilities, which may reduce student attrition rates and assist students in accomplishing goals and responding resiliently to stress during their postsecondary education and throughout their lives. The following are appended: (1) Surviving the First Year of Postsecondary Education: Four Workshop Session Plans; and (2) Workshop Evaluation Form. (Contains 1 table, 1 figure, and 7 footnotes.)
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Pub Date: |
2013-01-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
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Descriptors:
Cost Effectiveness; Program Effectiveness; Intervention; Emotional Intelligence; Early Childhood Education; Preschool Children; Classroom Techniques; Grade 1; Kindergarten; Workshops; Student Behavior; Student Characteristics; Academic Achievement; Interpersonal Competence; Consultation Programs; Comparative Analysis; Faculty Development; Preschool Teachers; School Readiness; Stress Management; Stress Variables; At Risk Students; Behavior Problems; Costs; Mental Health; Racial Differences
Abstract:
Investments in early childhood programs are widely viewed as a promising strategy to improve the future educational achievement of disadvantaged young children. However, it can be difficult for teachers to maintain program quality if children in the classroom display challenging behaviors. For example, when some children act out aggressively or become sad and withdrawn, teachers may be diverted from instructional time to manage these behaviors. Not surprisingly, these diversions have a ripple effect on the entire classroom of children. This report presents the final implementation, impact, and cost findings from the Foundations of Learning (FOL) demonstration. The FOL demonstration was designed to increase productive classroom time by using intensive professional development, including in-classroom consultation with trained practitioners, to improve teachers' classroom management skills and the social and emotional competence of children who exhibit challenging behavior. The demonstration was conducted in two cities--Newark, New Jersey, and Chicago, Illinois--with very different preschool systems. The Newark preschool system was particularly well resourced, while the level of resources in the Chicago preschool system was much lower and more typical of urban districts around the country. The report concludes that the FOL intervention was delivered with relatively high levels of dosage (amount of services) and quality (as rated by teachers) in both cities, with some differences in the focus of in-classroom consultation between Newark and Chicago. The program had a positive impact on teachers' classroom management, increased instructional time, and improved children's social and emotional competence during the year of the intervention's implementation. However, there was no clear evidence of improvements in children's short-term academic achievement, despite the expectation that the benefits to the classrooms and to children's social and emotional outcomes would translate into better academic skills. Moreover, the limited data that were collected showed no evidence of sustained benefits when the children made the transition to kindergarten and first grade. Appended are: (1) Baseline Characteristics of Students; (2) Supplemental Material for Chapters 2 and 3; (3) Supplemental Material for Chapter 4; and (4) Supplemental Table for Cost Analysis. Individual chapters contain footnotes. (Contains 30 tables, 10 figures and 8 boxes.) [This report was written with Lynn Karoly.]
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Pub Date: |
2013-02-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Mental Health; African Americans; Content Analysis; Coping; Singing; Semi Structured Interviews; Older Adults; Religious Factors; Cultural Relevance; Stress Management; Beliefs; Intervention; Spiritual Development
Abstract:
Purpose: To explore in a sample of older African Americans how religious songs were used to cope with stressful life events and to explore the religious beliefs associated with these songs. Design and Methods: Sixty-five African American older adults residing in the Southeastern US participated in a qualitative descriptive study involving criterion sampling, open-ended semi-structured interviews, qualitative content analysis, and descriptive statistics. Results: Religion expressed through song was a coping strategy for participants experiencing stressful life events who described feelings of being comforted, strengthened, able to endure, uplifted, and able to find peace by turning to the types of religious songs described here. Five types of songs were used including those evoking "Thanksgiving and Praise," "Instructive," "Memory of Forefathers," "Communication with God," and "Life after Death." Implications: Religious songs are an important form of religious expression important to the mental health of older African Americans. The incorporation of religious songs into spiritual care interventions might enhance the cultural relevance of mental health interventions in this population.
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Pub Date: |
2013-02-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Intervention; Adolescents; Foster Care; Altruism; Child Abuse; Prevention; At Risk Persons; Coping; Wellness; Program Effectiveness; Mental Health; Social Development; Cognitive Processes; Emotional Response; Stress Management
Abstract:
Compared to the general population, youth in foster care experience multiple psychosocial difficulties due to exceptionally high rates of maltreatment. Many youth in care receive psychological and/or psychotropic treatment but not all require or are willing to accept that level of intervention. For many, a "mental health" approach feels pathologizing. Nevertheless, these youth have suffered maltreatment and interventions to improve their ability to cope with past trauma and their often uncertain present are clearly needed. Cognitively-Based Compassion Training (CBCT) provides an alternative perspective on suffering and can be framed as a wellness intervention that is appropriate for all humans. The present study examined whether a 6-week CBCT intervention would improve psychosocial functioning among adolescents in foster care. Seventy adolescents were randomized to CBCT (twice weekly) or a wait-list condition. Youth were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks. Groups did not differ on measures of psychosocial functioning following training; however practice frequency was associated with increased hopefulness and a trend for a decrease in generalized anxiety. Qualitative results indicated that participants found CBCT useful for dealing with daily life stressors. Adolescents in care were willing to engage in CBCT. The majority reported CBCT was very helpful and almost all reported they would recommend CBCT to a friend. Participants reported specific instances of using CBCT strategies to regulate emotion, manage stress, or to respond more compassionately towards others. Standardized self-report measures were not sensitive to qualitative reports of improved functioning, suggesting the need for measures more sensitive to the positive changes noted or longer training periods to demonstrate effects. Practical issues surrounding implementation of such programs in high-risk youth populations are identified. Recommendations are provided for further development.
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Pub Date: |
2012-07-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Therapy; Foreign Countries; Males; Family Counseling; Counseling Techniques; Marital Satisfaction; Stress Management; Older Adults; Comparative Analysis; Intervention; Pretests Posttests; Spouses
Abstract:
Objectives: The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a form of family therapy developed in Korea. The "Thank you--Sorry--Love" (TSL) model was applied to a group of elderly retired men to improve the quality of their marriage and to reduce their stress. Methods: Thirty married retired Korean men were assigned to three groups. Group 1 received 14 sessions over 7 weeks of the TSL intervention. Group 2 received 14 sessions of educational classes related to retirement and aging. Group 3 received nothing. Assessments were made of the men's marital quality (using the Dyadic Adjustment scale) and oxidative stress (a biological marker of health), pretreatment, posttreatment, and 5 weeks after treatment. The husbands' wives were assessed in terms of marital quality at similar time points. Results: Husbands who received TSL therapy experienced statistically significant decreased oxidative stress (8-isoprostane levels) and increased marital quality. The spouses of the TSL program participants also showed statistically significant improvement in marital quality. The educational comparison group and no-treatment control group clients did not significantly improve on either measure, nor did their spouses experience improved marital quality. Conclusions: TSL family therapy was followed by both psychosocial (husbands and wives') and physiological (husbands') improvements. Additional randomized clinical trials of this promising family therapy may be warranted. (Contains 9 tables and 3 figures.)
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