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Descriptors:
Drug Addiction; Drug Therapy; Patients; Experience; Social Bias; Stereotypes; Social Discrimination

Abstract:
Experiences of stigma from others among people with a history of drug addiction are understudied in comparison to the strength of stigma associated with drug addiction. Work that has studied these experiences has primarily focused on stigma experienced from healthcare workers specifically even though stigma is often experienced from other sources as well. Because stigma has important implications for the mental health and recovery efforts of people in treatment, it is critical to better understand these experiences of stigma. Therefore, we characterize drug addiction stigma from multiple sources using qualitative methodology to advance understandings of how drug addiction stigma is experienced among methadone maintenance therapy patients and from whom. Results demonstrate that methadone maintenance therapy patients experience prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination from friends and family, coworkers and employers, healthcare workers, and others. Discussion highlights similarities and differences in stigma experienced from these sources. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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English (Second Language); Foreign Countries; Employment Opportunities; Work Experience; Labor Force; Foreign Students; Second Language Learning; Social Integration; Semi Structured Interviews; Social Discrimination; Cultural Pluralism; Student Attitudes; Cultural Awareness; Behavior Standards; Networks; Student Recruitment; Immigration

Abstract:
This study explored the integration experiences of 16 international students entering the Canadian workforce using a semistructured interview and constant comparison method. The international students were pursuing immigration to Canada, despite unmet job prospects. Students recommended that employers refrain from discriminating against students because of their international status and recognize the value of a diverse labor force. Students recommended that career services personnel help students build networks and employment contacts through pregraduation work experience. Incoming international students were advised to educate themselves about cultural norms for social and work interactions, research potential job opportunities, and create a professional network prior to degree completion. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Intervention; Negative Attitudes; Gender Issues; Identification (Psychology); Social Attitudes; Program Effectiveness; Sexual Identity; Social Discrimination; Social Bias; Violence; Behavior Modification; Misconceptions; Social Sciences; College Students; Attitude Measures; Attitude Change

Abstract:
The transgender community encounters pervasive prejudice, discrimination, and violence, yet social science literature lacks research that focuses on reduction of antitransgender prejudice. This experimental study examined the effectiveness of three interventions aimed at decreasing negative attitudes toward transsexuals, correcting participants' beliefs in myths about transsexuality, and reducing their predicted discriminatory behaviors. Results revealed a significant decrease in negative attitudes and beliefs in myths. However, no individual intervention proved more effective than the others. The interventions led to no change in predicted discriminatory behaviors. (Contains 10 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Immigrants; Surveys; Social Work; Social Science Research; Anglo Americans; Whites; Stranger Reactions; Intergroup Relations; Cultural Awareness; Foreign Countries; Limited English Speaking; Employment; Psychological Patterns; Attitudes; Ethnic Groups; Context Effect; Social Discrimination

Abstract:
Using survey data from 1,036 participants, which included 4 immigrant groups, we examined the factors that influence immigrants' experiences as they interact with nonimmigrant Americans. Logistic and multinomial regression results indicate that non-European immigrants were more likely to report negative experiences with Americans. The odds of reporting negative interactions were lower for African than for Hispanic immigrants. Immigrants who have lived in the United States for 10 years or longer and immigrants who have been involved in community activities were more likely to report negative interactions. Immigrants with employment, perception of lack of cultural understanding, and limited English proficiency also reported positive interaction. The study reinforces the need for social workers to facilitate intergroup relations among diverse populations. (Contains 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Older Adults; Aging (Individuals); Social Discrimination; Health Services; Classification; Self Concept; Social Attitudes; Caregivers; Caregiver Attitudes; Interpersonal Relationship

Abstract:
Ageism has been described as different from other forms of discrimination and paradoxical in the sense that "nonold" people discriminate against their "future selves." The argument of this article is that nonold people may uphold ideas about older people as "the other" by constructing their own future selves as "essentially different" from that of older people of the present. Using examples from care work, this article shows how nonold care providers use temporal categorizations to justify treatment that they would/will not accept for themselves. Based on a review of literature, it is argued that a temporal construction of old age and older people as existing in the past, the present, and the future has been a prominent feature of the construction of old age and older people for many decades. A cohort of "new old" has repeatedly been described as active and self-conscious, in comparison to the passive, frail, and grateful older people of the past. Although these contrasts have been used to improve images of older people, they have also served to obstruct attempts to form identities as "older people" and made it possible for nonold people to justify ageist arrangements. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Racial Discrimination; Victims; Peer Relationship; Attitude Measures; Social Discrimination; Whites; African Americans; Hispanic Americans; Youth; Minority Groups; Adjustment (to Environment)

Abstract:
Perceptions of racial discrimination constitute significant risks to the psychological adjustment of minority youth. The present study examined the relationship between perceived racial discrimination and peer nominations of victimization among 173 (55% female) African American, European American and Latino youth. All respondents completed peer nominations of victimization status whereas the African American and Latino youth completed subjective measures of racial discrimination. The results indicated that African American and Latino's subjective perceptions of racial discrimination were linked to nominations of overt and relational victimization when rated by their European American peers. The results suggest that there is consistency between African American and Latino youth's perceptions of racial discrimination and nominations of peer victimization by their European American peers. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Adolescents; Grade 10; Mexican Americans; Social Discrimination; Racial Discrimination; Social Development; Prosocial Behavior; Resilience (Psychology); Longitudinal Studies; Cultural Influences; Family Relationship; Interpersonal Relationship; Religion; Grade 5; Grade 7; Compliance (Psychology)

Abstract:
Experiences with perceived discrimination (e.g., perceptions of being treated unfairly due to race or ethnicity) are expected to impact negatively youths' prosocial development. However, resilience often occurs in light of such experiences through cultural factors. The current longitudinal study examined the influence of perceived discrimination on the emergence of Mexican American adolescents' later prosocial tendencies, and examined the mediating role of Mexican American values (e.g., familism, respect, and religiosity). Participants included 749 adolescents (49% female) interviewed at 5th, 7th, and 10th grade. Results of the current study suggested that, although perceived discrimination was associated negatively with some types of prosocial tendencies (e.g., compliant, emotional, and dire) and related positively to public prosocial helping, the associations were mediated by youths' Mexican American values. Directions for future research are presented and practical implications for promoting adolescents' resilience are discussed. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
College Faculty; Feminism; Resistance (Psychology); Activism; Military Training; College Students; College Curriculum; Urban Universities; Armed Forces; Culture; Social Discrimination; Masculinity; Violence; Rape; Neoliberalism; Praxis

Abstract:
According to the authors, in 2008 and 2009 a coalition of faculty, anchored by Women's Studies, challenged a proposal to bring United States Army Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) courses onto their urban public university campus. This proposal, initially approved by the faculty governance advisory committee on academic affairs, was ultimately voted down by the same committee after months of work by the coalition to educate members about the larger implications of permitting the military into their institution and curriculum. However, the provost, the university's chief academic officer, overturned this recommendation, and permitted the ROTC to offer courses for university credit at off-campus locations. This article is the authors' attempt to analyze how the issues that emerged in their local site reflect broader struggles in their highly militarized society. Their aim is to cultivate others' imaginative pathways and serve as an analytical roadmap for feminist educators and activists and share strategies in campaigns for peace and justice. (Contains 1 table and 9 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Freedom of Speech; Counseling; Sexual Orientation; Constitutional Law; Public Colleges; Court Litigation; Counselor Training; Counselor Educators; Civil Rights; Religion; Ethics; Standards; Counselor Client Relationship; Social Discrimination; Graduate Students

Abstract:
In 2 recent legal cases, graduate counselor education students challenged the imposition of remediation plans as violating their First Amendment rights of freedom of speech and religion. With special emphasis on this recent litigation, the article examines the legal standards governing the authority of counselor educators at public colleges and universities, including professionalism and ethical rules as a part of curricular requirements to prohibit client discrimination based on sexual orientation. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Females; Immigrants; Latin Americans; Foreign Countries; Incidence; Family Violence; Spanish Culture; At Risk Persons; Cultural Differences; Adults; Adolescents; Comparative Analysis; Social Discrimination; Violence; Questionnaires; Educational Attainment; Marital Status; Age Differences; Employment Level; Family Income

Abstract:
Immigrants constitute a population vulnerable to the problem of violence. This study sought to ascertain the prevalence of violence reported by the immigrant population in the Murcian Region of Spain and characterize the related factors, taking the country population as reference. A cross-sectional study was carried out based on a representative population sample of Latin American (n = 672; 48% women), Moroccan (n = 361; 25% women), and Spanish origin (n = 1,303; 66% women), aged 16 to 64 years. Using a specific questionnaire, the prevalence of violence in the preceding year was assessed. The results were compared with the Spaniards using the 2006 National Health Survey (NHS). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to study the factors associated with violence having been reported in each group, both separately and in immigrants versus Spaniards. Finally, the cause and place of last aggression were studied. The prevalence of violence was 6.5% in Latin Americans, 12.0% in Moroccans, and 2.7% in Spaniards. Discrimination was the principal violence-related factor in all three groups. Among Latin Americans, low educational level was also associated with violence. Among Moroccans, those who had perceived discrimination showed the greatest differences in prevalence of violence compared with natives. Intimate partner violence (IPV) registered a prevalence of below 2%. As a conclusion, in this study, violence was little reported and higher among immigrants. The principal violence-related factor was discrimination. More studies of this type are called for to characterize the problem in other population-representative samples. (Contains 4 tables and 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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