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Descriptors:
Sexuality; Females; Well Being; Sexual Identity; Homosexuality; Depression (Psychology); Self Esteem; Least Squares Statistics; Interpersonal Attraction; Social Support Groups; Anxiety; Correlation; Scores; Prediction; Rating Scales

Abstract:
Identity-based conceptualizations of sexual orientation may not account adequately for variation in young women's sexuality. Sexual minorities fare worse in psychosocial markers of wellbeing (i.e., depressive symptoms, anxiety, self esteem, social support) than heterosexual youth; however, it remains unclear whether these health disparities exclusively affect individuals who adopt a sexual minority identity or if they also may be present among heterosexually-identified youth who report same-sex attractions. We examined the relationship between sexual attraction, sexual identity, and psychosocial wellbeing in the female only subsample (weighted, n = 391) of a national sample of emerging adults (age 18-24). Women in this study rated on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely) their degree of sexual attraction to males and females, respectively. From these scores, women were divided into 4 groups (low female/low male attraction, low female/high male attraction, high female/low male attraction, or high female/high male attraction). We explored the relationship between experiences of attraction, reported sexual identity, and psychosocial outcomes using ordinary least squares regression. The results indicated sexual attraction to be predictive of women's psychosocial wellbeing as much as or more than sexual identity measures. We discuss these findings in terms of the diversity found in young women's sexuality, and how sexual minority status may be experienced by this group. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Sexuality; Residential Care; Dating (Social); Focus Groups; Adolescents; Feedback (Response); At Risk Persons; Trust (Psychology); Gender Differences

Abstract:
Minimal attention has been focused on difficulties for youth in residential care regarding building healthy dating relationships, despite the significant risks to this group of adolescents. This study provided a unique opportunity to conduct focus groups with youth in residential care on issues surrounding dating relationships. The majority of youth feedback centered on the themes of desiring support developing relationship boundaries, establishing trust in relationships, understanding the consequences of sexual activity, and having real world examples regarding dating relationships. The data were examined for differences between the genders and recommendations for next steps provided. (Contains 2 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Sexuality; Sexual Identity; Ethnography; Foreign Countries; Criticism; Research Methodology; Epistemology; Self Concept; Internet; Qualitative Research; Mass Media; Disadvantaged; Public Policy; Gender Differences

Abstract:
The paper thematises children's engendering and sexualisation in new media environments, and their ambivalent attitudes toward commercial (porno)sexuality constructions. The inquiry into adaptation to dominant gender identity and sexuality prescriptions in spite of children's ambivalences is contextualised by the critical analysis of grand quantitative survey research in the EU Kids Online II framework. It is argued that gender and sexuality norms introduced by the epistemological, methodological and interpretative input of the research do not transcend the dominant matrices. According to the Slovenian ethnographic research, school children exhibit criticism towards the intrusive and exploitative character of certain new media commercial contents, and this is not included in the analysed referential quantitative survey in any way. As a consequence, childhood remains conceptualised as a state of societal passivity in this context, which brings more disadvantages to girls in new media relations. Besides, the grand quantitative survey research critiqued here supports hypocritical EU sector policies , which have become tolerant of new media-related capital interests, while minors' protection responsibilities are exhibited mainly on a declarative level--as it is the case with the research epistemology under discussion. The same has been established regarding the application of a gender-sensitive approach in the research methodology and interpretation. (Contains 4 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Females; Eating Disorders; Food; Self Esteem; College Students; Body Weight; Measurement; Eating Habits; Correlation; Sexuality; Behavior Patterns

Abstract:
This study investigated weighing and body-monitoring behaviors, as well as psychological and behavioral reactions to weighing, among female college students. Weighing and body monitoring were engaged in by the majority of participants. Participants changed food intake and exercise based on weight. About 63% reported that the scale number impacts their mood, and 50% and 48% indicated that it impacts their sexual comfort and self-esteem, respectively. Most did not perceive self-weighing to be harmful. College counselors should be aware that weighing and body monitoring are normative, with negative psychological outcomes associated with weighing for a substantive percentage of college women. (Contains 7 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Assistive Technology; Personality Traits; Student Attitudes; Interpersonal Relationship; Altruism; Statistical Analysis; Intimacy; Photography; White Students; Misconceptions; Ethnicity; Gender Differences; Human Body; Biographies; Undergraduate Students; Surveys; Hispanic American Students; Dating (Social); Marriage; Friendship; Attitudes toward Disabilities; Intelligence; Humor; Sexuality; Diseases; Role Playing; Social Attitudes

Abstract:
Student attitudes toward having a relationship with a wheelchair user were explored. Participants initially selected one of six opposite gender head shots and subsequently viewed their selection's whole body photograph in a wheelchair along with reading a short biography. Primarily undergraduate Hispanic and Caucasian students (N = 810) were surveyed regarding their interest in potentially being friends, dating, or marrying a wheelchair user, with 66% indicating they would have no problem dating or marrying a wheelchair user. Chi-square tests of pairwise association, logistical regression, and test of proportional odds revealed significant differences, p = 0.001, between ethnicity, gender, type of relationship, and having had a prior disability relationship. Personal traits of intelligence, humor, kindness, and physical appearance were rated most highly. Those unwilling to date or marry their selection perceived the partner would require too much caregiving, social interaction awkwardness, inability to sexually perform, and the partner being sick often. Counselors can benefit from informing clients about intimacy misconceptions by role-playing and providing clients with insights regarding societal beliefs. (Contains 6 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Mental Retardation; Children; Adolescents; At Risk Persons; Evaluation Methods; Child Abuse; Intelligence; Measures (Individuals); Predictive Validity; Sexual Abuse; Sexuality; Interpersonal Relationship; Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Violence; Victims; Crime

Abstract:
The study explored the predictive validity of "Multiplex Empirically Guided Inventory of Ecological Aggregates for Assessing Sexually Abusive Children and Adolescents (Ages 4 to 19)" ("MEGA"[eighth note]; Miccio-Fonseca, 2006b), a comprehensive developmentally sensitive risk assessment outcome tool. "MEGA"[eighth note] assesses risk for coarse sexual improprieties and/or sexually abusive behavior in male and female youth ages 4 to 19 years (adjudicated and nonadjudicated), including youth with low (i.e., borderline) intellectual functioning. "MEGA"[eighth note] has 4 distinct risk scales with robust internal consistency reliability on cross-validation: "Risk Scale (0.81)", "Protective Scale (0.78)", "Estrangement Scale (0.79)", and "Persistent Sexual Deviancy Scale (0.74)". Sexual recidivism in cross-validation (N = 1,056) was 8.4%, defined as sexually related probation or parole violation (formal or informal). ROC analysis for Risk Scale demonstrated "MEGA"[eighth note] has good predictive validity (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI of 0.62-0.80, p less than 0.001). Youth with low intellectual functioning scored significantly higher on the "Risk Scale" and "Persistent Sexual Deviancy Scale", highlighting the importance of accurately assessing these youth. (Contains 3 figures and 2 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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College Students; Student Employment; Paying for College; Human Body; Dance; Interpersonal Relationship; Social Isolation; Purchasing; Ethics; Services; Sexuality; Pharmacology; Biomedicine

Abstract:
The sale of bodily goods or services--"body commodification"--is nothing new among college students. But strides in medical technology, the encroachment of market values on all facets of life, and the reach and culture of the Internet have combined to create a fertile environment for people who want or need to exploit the value of their skin or what lies beneath it--including students struggling to cover the rising cost of college in this sluggish economy. Students sell plasma, take requests to perform custom erotic acts on Web cameras, or offer themselves as guinea pigs in paid drug trials. A master's student in Penfield, New York, says she was kicked out of her social-work program last June for snuggling with strangers--no sex allowed--for $60 an hour. A handful of Web sites, like SeekingArrangement.com, promise introductions to young and attractive men and women--often students--for "mutually beneficial relationships." An advertisement in campus newspapers at three elite colleges offers $35,000 for the eggs of a young woman with an SAT score above 1400. And though no one in the United States is openly selling kidneys from live donors, Santa Clara University's Markkula Center for Applied Ethics started receiving inquiries from financially desperate people after it posted an article on its Web site in 1998 exploring the ethical issues that would surround such a market. When the economy tanked, staff members saw a surge in letters like this one: "I just read your information about how many people need a kidney. I would like more information about it and how I could sell one of my kidneys to your university because I really need money. I want to go to college, but it's really expensive." The shifting terrain of body commodification has prompted scholars to take a renewed look at how similar behaviors are socially and morally classified in starkly different ways, depending on who is involved, how much power they have, and how the transaction is carried out. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Adolescents; Peer Groups; Drinking; Anxiety; Foreign Countries; Dating (Social); Sexuality; Interaction; High School Students; Peer Influence

Abstract:
Adolescents tend to consume alcohol and find romantic and sexual partners in mixed-group settings that are unmonitored by adults. Relatively little is known about the influence that dating anxiety may have with these social interactions. A sample of 163 high school students (aged 14-17 years) completed online surveys assessing dating, sex, and alcohol-related measures of behaviors and cognitions. Anxiety in mixed-sex peer group interactions was linked to later ages of first dating relationships and anxiety in dating interactions with fewer sexual experiences. Dating anxiety was not associated with drinking behaviors, drinking motivations, or expectations for alcohol to facilitate sex. Age, but not gender, was related to all adolescent behaviors and drinking motivations, but not social-sexual expectations for alcohol consumption. Implications relate to the provision of education regarding responsible participation in social experiences in ways that promote positive development. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Behavioral Science Research; Research Design; Ethics; Federal Regulation; Change; Informed Consent; Adolescents; Children; Youth; Participation; Researchers; Personal Autonomy; Child Development; Risk; Research Administration; Health; Sexuality

Abstract:
For the first time in twenty years the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS, 2009) is considering changes to federal regulations governing research. The Common Rule provides the basis for government regulations and Institutional Review Boards (IRB). Proposed changes will have a significant impact on Institutional Review Board evaluation of research involving infants, children and adolescents. For example, such a revision can serve to rectify or exacerbate often observed IRB inconsistencies and over-estimation of probable harms when applying "minimal risk" or "exempt" criteria to research involving minors. Proposed revisions may also affect the feasibility of research on adolescent risk that requires waiver of parental or guardian permission to be successfully implemented. Further, recommendations for a new category of "informational risk" based on current and emerging advances in analysis and storage of bio-specimens and information technologies for archival research will have significant influence on ethical procedures required for collection and storage of longitudinal and cross-sectional data. Given the importance of any rule change to the conduct of science related to children, the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) convened the SRCD Task Force on Proposed Changes to the Common Rule. The purpose of this report is to alert policymakers, scientists, and participant groups to proposed changes most relevant to research involving children and to provide recommendations for ensuring the responsible conduct of child and adolescent research in the final regulatory changes. (Contains 1 footnote.) [Commentaries by Kenneth D. Pimple and Noreen Yazejian & Barbara Davis Goldman are included. Commentaries are individually referenced.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Sexuality; Homosexuality; Sexual Orientation; Sexual Identity; Popular Culture; Creativity; Bias

Abstract:
Research in the areas of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer (LGBTQ) issues in education has been growing steadily over the past 10 years with the help of Fine and Weis ("Silenced voices and extraordinary conversations: re-imagining schools," 2003), Rasmussen ("Becoming subjects: sexualities and secondary schooling," 2006), Tolman ("Dilemmas of Desire: Teenage girls talk about sexuality," 2002) and others. Simultaneously, LGBT figures in popular media such as Ellen DeGeneres have influenced the rhizomatic growth of communities of difference (Fine et al. "Harvard Educational Review," 67(2):247-285, 1997), significantly influencing classroom intersubjectivities in both spoken and unspoken ways. Creative arts industries and classrooms offer new possibilities for expression of alternate positionalities and new vistas of difference (including similarity), and this article argues the value of holding these difficult conversations toward liberatory pedagogies. The classroom encounter described in this article stresses the urgent need for continuing sexualities diversity dialogue in schools, highlighting its compatibilities with antiracist, anticlassist and antipatriarchal narratives. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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