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Descriptors:
Poverty; Disadvantaged Youth; Public Schools; Charter Schools; School Desegregation; Social Integration; School Effectiveness; Academic Achievement; Peer Influence; Student Attrition; Educational Finance; Faculty Mobility

Abstract:
In discussing socioeconomic integration before audiences, the author is frequently asked: What about high-poverty schools that do work? Don't they suggest that economic segregation isn't much of a problem after all? High-poverty public schools that beat the odds paint a heartening story that often attracts considerable media attention. In 2000, the conservative Heritage Foundation published a report, titled "No Excuses," meant to show that high-poverty schools can work well. The forward of the report proudly declared that the author "found not one or two ... [but] twenty-one high-performing, high-poverty schools." Unfortunately, these 21 schools were dwarfed by the 7,000 high-poverty schools identified by the US Department of Education as low performing. Knowledge Is Power Program (KIPP), a chain of 125 schools educating more than 35,000 students in 20 states and the District of Columbia, is often cited as evidence that high-poverty public schools ought to be able to produce very positive results. The school program emphasizes "tough love": a longer school day and school year, more homework, and the explicit teaching of middle-class habits and norms. (Contains 21 endnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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School Desegregation; Socioeconomic Status; Social Integration; Achievement Gap; Public Schools; Middle Class; Economically Disadvantaged; Students; Educational Change; Resistance to Change; School Choice; Politics of Education; Evidence; Educational Research; Cost Effectiveness; Barriers; Track System (Education); Magnet Schools; School Turnaround; Charter Schools

Abstract:
Integrating our schools is a goal that many of us share. But some seem to have given up on the idea, as plans to boost racial diversity have come under attack, and as the fixation on test scores has narrowed some people's concept of a good education. There is, however, new hope: integration by socioeconomic status. It's a cost-effective, legally sound strategy that can promote racial diversity while narrowing the achievement gap. (Contains 48 endnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Consciousness Raising; Peace; Conflict; Comparative Analysis; Geographic Regions; School Desegregation; Educational Objectives; Conflict Resolution; Educational Practices

Abstract:
Integrated schools in Israel and Northern Ireland create a shared educational environment for communities separated by intractable conflict. This article reports on comparative research undertaken in schools in each region that pursued how integration is understood and practiced. In my findings, I present the central values of integration, termed the "3Rs of integration: respect, recognition and reconciliation" and explain the regional differences in how the 3Rs of Integration shape the unique educational alternative provided by the schools. The discussion highlights transferable lessons, and considers these as they relate to each society's local context and the goals of peace education. (Contains 1 table and 22 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
School Desegregation; School Segregation; Racial Segregation; Magnet Schools; Counties; Educational History; Busing; Hispanic American Students; African American Students; White Students; Public Schools; Enrollment; Low Income Groups; Racial Composition; Urban Schools; State Legislation; Federal Legislation; Equal Education

Abstract:
Maryland, as one of 17 states that had de jure segregation, has an intense history of school segregation. Following the 1954 Brown decision, school districts across the state employed various methods to desegregate their schools, including mandatory busing in Prince George's County, magnet schools in Montgomery County, and a freedom of choice plan in Baltimore. Although the districts made some progress in desegregating their schools, after plans that had the explicit goal of decreasing segregation ended, many of the schools in Maryland again reached high levels of segregation. This report investigates trends in school segregation in Maryland over the last two decades by examining concentration, exposure, and evenness measures by both race and class. After exploring the overall enrollment patterns and segregation trends at the state level, this report turns to the Baltimore-Washington CMSA to analyze similar measures of segregation. Given the trends presented in this report, it is likely that segregation will continue to intensify if nothing is done to address it. Having already reached high levels of segregation for the state's students of color, it is necessary that Maryland now take steps to reverse these trends by being proactive in addressing the segregated nature of its public schools. Appended are: (1) Additional Data Tables; and (2) Data Sources and Methodology. (Contains 32 tables, 20 figures and 83 footnotes.) [Foreword by Gary Orfield. This paper was written with Greg Flaxman, John Kucsera, and Genevieve Siegel-Hawley.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
School Segregation; Racial Segregation; State Government; School Desegregation; Metropolitan Areas; Race; Pattern Recognition; School Districts; Educational Trends; Sustainability; Student Diversity; Racial Differences

Abstract:
Virginia has a long and complicated history with school desegregation efforts. It is a state that can lay claim both to advancing the goals of "Brown v. Board of Education" and to impeding them. Over the years, this history has helped shape contemporary patterns of school segregation across Virginia and in her major metropolitan areas. This report examines school segregation trends in the state between 1989 and 2010. Drawing on federal data from the National Center for Education Statistics, it explores patterns at the state, metropolitan and school district level. More than fifty years after "Brown v. Board of Education," significant and rising shares of the Virginia's black students enroll in segregated schools that are intensely isolated by race and poverty. Broadly, findings also indicate that enrollments in the state, its major metros and districts have become rapidly more diverse, particularly in the past decade. Rising levels of racial diversity bring many opportunities for integration, but a key challenge will be to ensure that metros and districts that become diverse remain diverse--and do not resegregate. Even as levels of segregation between school districts in some of Virginia's major metros decline, swift racial transition is occurring within districts. Appended are: (1) State, Metropolitan and District Tables; and (2) Data and Methodology. (Contains 51 tables, 44 figures and 66 footnotes.) [This paper was written with Jennifer Ayscue, John Kuscera, and Gary Orfield.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Minority Group Children; School Desegregation; Attendance; Elementary Secondary Education; Incentives; Economically Disadvantaged; Attendance Patterns; Literacy; Numeracy; Gender Differences; Family Characteristics; Family Environment; Economic Status; Cultural Differences

Abstract:
This article examines the degree of integration of Roma and Gypsy children in formal education in the Peloponnese region of Greece. It is based on field research conducted by the University of Patras during the school year 2006/07 within the framework of the Greek Ministry of Education's "Integration of Roma children in school" programme, funded by the European Union. Despite governmental incentives for poor families to enrol their school-aged children, school attendance of Roma and Gypsy children was found to decline from primary year one to primary year six, with hardly any of them entering secondary school at all. Besides looking at school attendance figures and Roma and Gypsy children's proficiency in reading, writing and numeracy, this paper also considers gender, family composition, living conditions and economic situation, as well as culturally constructed perceptions of childhood and a person's life cycle. The aim of this article is to highlight the contradictions and ambiguities involved in the process of incorporating Roma and Gypsy children in formal education, and to evaluate their school performance and assess their academic choices. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
School Desegregation; Race; Magnet Schools; Intergroup Relations; Racial Relations; Ethnicity; Student Diversity; Surveys; Interaction; Educational Environment; Student Attitudes; Racial Attitudes; Social Attitudes; High School Students; African American Students; Hispanic American Students; White Students; Questionnaires; Peer Relationship

Abstract:
The frequency and quality of intergroup contact within racially and ethnically diverse schools has potentially important implications for the achievement of desegregation goals. The analyses presented here use survey data to assess intergroup contact within a sample of ten interdistrict magnet schools in Connecticut. Findings indicate frequent intergroup interactions within interdistrict magnet schools, but also that the perceived quality of intergroup relations differs across racial groups and both the frequency and quality of intergroup contact varies considerably across schools. Students who report higher quality intergroup relations in their school also tend to report more positive academic environments and more positive attitudes towards other groups. (Contains 16 footnotes and 9 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
School Desegregation; Educational Policy; School Districts; Student Diversity; Race; Socioeconomic Status; Desegregation Plans; School Choice; Voluntary Desegregation; Desegregation Litigation; Program Implementation; Policy Formation; Case Studies

Abstract:
The decision handed down by the U.S. Supreme Court in "Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1" (2007) has forced school districts to begin thinking of new ways to integrate their schools without relying on race as the single factor in their assignment plans. While some school districts already have begun to implement race-neutral student assignments, others are just beginning the process and are looking to plans that have been able to maintain diversity despite the new limitations being placed on them. In an effort to understand factors critical in shaping racial and socioeconomic diversity in school districts given the new requisite limitations, this study examined the relationship between the design, context, and implementation of three different integration plans that rely on voluntary choice and socioeconomic status (SEAS). The findings suggest that geographic and political contexts matter in the shaping and adoption of integration plans based on voluntary choice and SES. Suggestions are offered to help maintain integration given the local sociopolitical context of the school districts. (Contains 3 footnotes and 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Physical Activities; Intervention; School Desegregation; Physical Health; Ethics; Body Composition; Foreign Countries; Scientific Concepts; Integrated Curriculum; Measurement; Physical Activity Level; Obesity; Body Weight; Elementary School Students

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of an integrated school curriculum pedometer intervention on children's physical activity and weight status. Following ethics approval and informed consent, 59 children (22 boys, 27 girls, aged 10-11) from a primary school in central England completed a four-week integrated physical activity intervention based on virtually walking from John O'Groats to Lands End. Habitual physical activity and weight status (body mass index (BMI)) were determined pre- and four weeks post-intervention using pedometry. Steps/day were also calculated during the intervention period, which lasted four weeks. Results indicated that average steps/day were significantly higher (P = 0.0001) during and post the intervention compared to baseline. The study also found a significant main effect whereby children classified as normal weight were significantly more active than those classified as overweight/obese (P = 0.003). The use of a four-week integrated curriculum pedometer intervention in school is therefore feasible and results in positive outcomes in relation to daily physical activity. (Contains 1 note, 1 table and 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Race; Equal Education; School Desegregation; Racial Discrimination; Metropolitan Areas; Educational Opportunities; Critical Theory; Court Litigation; White Students; Minority Group Students; Public Schools; High Schools

Abstract:
This article provides a critical race analysis of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision to declare voluntary public school integration unconstitutional in Parents v. Seattle School District No.1. The author contends that the high Court used a perpetrator perspective of racial discrimination to privilege the self-interests of white families over students of color opportunity to attend the Seattle metropolitan area's top public high school. This paper not only explains how the decision locks-in racial inequity in education, but also, how education policies created to improve the learning opportunities for students of color are resisted, and ultimately thwarted by Whites. The article concludes with a discussion for the continuance of race as a proportional instrument to achieve equity in education. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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