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Descriptors:
Injuries; Specialists; Neurological Impairments; Brain; Neurology; Psychologists; Educational Psychology; Counselor Role; Interviews; Rehabilitation; Pediatrics; Hospitals; Educational Environment; Severity (of Disability); Foreign Countries

Abstract:
This study explores the process of reintegration into school for children with an acquired brain injury (ABI) and considers the role of the educational psychologist (EP) in supporting these children. Interviews were conducted with a range of professionals in two specialist settings: a specialist rehabilitation centre and a children's hospital with a specialism in paediatric neurology. The findings highlight a number of potential areas where EPs could contribute to the support of children with ABI including facilitating communication between professionals and providing training for school staff. The training implications for EPs are also considered. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Evidence; Risk; Crime; Foreign Countries; Outcomes of Treatment; Correctional Institutions; Rehabilitation; Criminals; Recidivism; Beliefs; Peer Relationship; Correctional Rehabilitation

Abstract:
This study extends our knowledge about the rehabilitation of criminal organization offenders by focusing on their community outcomes upon release, and identifying the risk factors related to reoffending for 332 organized crime offenders released from federal penitentiaries in Canada prior to March 31, 2009. Of that group, 12.7% were readmitted to prison, which was about one half the percentage of a matched group of nonorganized crime offenders. These results are especially relevant given that most of these offenders were affiliated with traditional organized crime groups, such as the Mafia or outlaw motorcycle gangs, and, as such, are likely to be admitted to prison with well entrenched criminogenic beliefs and negative peer associations. These findings provide empirical evidence that these offenders do have the potential for successful community reentry. Implications for the development of correctional programs are discussed. (Contains 5 tables and 2 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Quality of Life; Caring; Autism; Foreign Countries; Low Income Groups; Middle Class; Comparative Analysis; Caregivers; Psychiatric Services; Pervasive Developmental Disorders; Socioeconomic Status; Rehabilitation; Psychiatry; Health Services; Barriers; Costs

Abstract:
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate whether caregiver's variations in socioeconomic status (SES) has direct bearing on challenges of nurturing children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Oman. A cadre of caregivers (n = 150) from two types of SES (low-income and middle-high income) were compared based on four domains: (1) accessing and perception of remedial services, (2) utilization and perception of psychiatric services, (3) constraints for being a caregiver of children with ASD and (4) financial expenses of taking care of children with ASD. There is little indication that any particular SES fare well on these domains. Factors to mitigate such predicaments are therefore imperative in order to improve quality of life for caregivers among children with ASD. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Assistive Technology; Program Effectiveness; Visual Impairments; Foreign Countries; Telecommunications; Patients; Clinics; Blindness; Interviews; Outcomes of Treatment; Rehabilitation

Abstract:
Purpose: Demographic transformations within the UK population combine to contribute to a substantial increase in demand for low vision (LV) services, creating a pressing need to reconsider the appropriate methods for service provision. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of using telephone triage to assess the need for, and timing of, LV follow-up appointments. Methods: A cohort of new patients attending the LV Clinic at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital (MREH) was recruited, independent of vision or visual impairment (VI) registration status. Four weeks after this initial clinic assessment, each patient was telephoned and a structured review was conducted. All patients were subsequently followed up at 3 months in the LV clinic. Results: A total of 52 patients were recruited, with the corrected "better-eye" visual acuity (VA) ranging from 0.18 logMAR (6/9.5 + 1) to 1.36 logMAR (6/152 + 2) with a mean of 0.66 logMAR (6/30 + 2). In total, 36 patients completed all aspects of the study. At telephone review, 70 (93%) of the low vision aids (LVAs) loaned were reported to have been used on at least one occasion. Ten patients (22%) were deemed to not require follow-up, 15 (33%) were judged to benefit from an earlier (1 month) review, and 16 (35%) were judged to require 3-month follow-up. Reminding patients at telephone review provided a significant increase in adherence with advice to bring any loaned devices to clinic review (p less than 0.01). Face-to-face clinic review outcomes at 3 months permitted some insight into the effectiveness of telephone triage. Conclusions: Implementing telephone review is feasible for triaging LV follow-up requirements. A number of patient issues can be dealt with immediately and effectively at telephone review, potentially negating the need for a face-to-face clinic review for some patients while identifying a more pressing need for earlier review in others, factors that might improve cost-effectiveness of service provision if subjected to formal health economic evaluation. (Contains 4 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Injuries; Foreign Countries; Child Rearing; Patients; Human Body; Daily Living Skills; Children; Rehabilitation

Abstract:
Although the attention for functional outcomes after burn injury has grown over the past decades, little is known about functional independence in performing activities of daily living in children after burn injury. Therefore, in this prospective cohort study functional independence was measured by burn care professionals with the WeeFIM[R] instrument in 119 pediatric patients with burns (age: 6 months-16 years; 58.8% boys) in the Netherlands. In order to identify whether functional independence was affected, participants' total scores on the WeeFIM[R] instrument were compared to American norm values. Of the participants assessed at 2 weeks post burn (n = 117), 3 months post burn (n = 68) and/or 6 months post burn (n = 38), 22, 9 and 9 participants showed affected performance, respectively. Improvements in WeeFIM[R] total scores for the total study population between 2 weeks and 6 months post burn were significant (Wilcoxon T = 2.5; p less than 0.001, effect size = -0.59). Individual improvements were found to be significant for 30.3% of the assessed participants between 2 weeks and 3 months post burn, and for 12.1% between 3 and 6 months post burn. This study is unique in providing data on functional independence for this large and special population. However, a proportion of participants were lost to follow-up and the use of the WeeFIM[R] instrument in this specific population and setting has its limitations. To conclude, burn injury impacts functional independence in children, yet the vast majority of Dutch pediatric patients with burns returns to functional independence typical for age within 6 months post burn. (Contains 5 tables and 3 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Music; Patients; Alzheimers Disease; Attitude Measures; Auditory Stimuli; Intervention; Caregivers; Rehabilitation; Multiple Disabilities

Abstract:
We assessed the impact and social rating of an active and a passive music condition implemented with six patients with Alzheimer's disease. In the active condition, the patients used a simple hand response and a microswitch to self-regulate music stimulation inputs. In the passive condition, music stimulation was automatically presented throughout the sessions. Active and passive stimulation sessions were preceded and followed by control (non-stimulation) sessions. The active condition sessions showed an increase in the patients' indices of positive participation (e.g., singing or music-related movements, and smiles) greater than that observed in the passive condition sessions for five of the six patients. Positive intervention effects could also spread to the post-intervention sessions. Social raters (42 care and rehabilitation staff members working with persons with multiple disabilities) favored the active condition on a six-item questionnaire dealing with, among others, conditions' suitability, respect of patients' dignity and independence, and practicality. The implications of the findings as to the plausibility/desirability of an active stimulation condition were discussed. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Semantics; Aphasia; Language Acquisition; Bilingualism; Patients; Naming; Computational Linguistics; Rehabilitation; English; Spanish; Language Proficiency; Phonology; Networks; Prediction; Transfer of Training; Outcomes of Treatment; Validity; Second Language Learning; Speech Therapy

Abstract:
Current research on bilingual aphasia highlights the paucity in recommendations for optimal rehabilitation for bilingual aphasic patients (Edmonds & Kiran, 2006; Roberts & Kiran, 2007). In this paper, we have developed a computational model to simulate an English-Spanish bilingual language system in which language representations can vary by age of acquisition (AoA) and relative proficiency in the two languages to model individual participants. This model is subsequently lesioned by varying connection strengths between the semantic and phonological networks and retrained based on individual patient demographic information to evaluate whether or not the model's prediction of rehabilitation matches the actual treatment outcome. In most cases the model comes close to the target performance subsequent to language therapy in the language trained, indicating the validity of this model in simulating rehabilitation of naming impairment in bilingual aphasia. Additionally, the amount of cross-language transfer is limited both in the patient performance and in the model's predictions and is dependent on that specific patient's AoA, language exposure and language impairment. It also suggests how well alternative treatment scenarios would have fared, including some cases where the alternative would have done better. Overall, the study suggests how computational modeling could be used in the future to design customized treatment recipes that result in better recovery than is currently possible. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Disabilities; Rehabilitation Programs; Pediatrics; Children; Program Evaluation; Rehabilitation; Foreign Countries; Action Research; Participatory Research; Intervention

Abstract:
This article presents the experience of a rehabilitation program that undertook the challenge to reorganize its services to address accessibility issues and improve service quality. The context in which the reorganization process occurred, along with the relevant literature justifying the need for a new service delivery model, and an historical perspective on the planning; implementation; and evaluation phases of the process are described. In the planning phase, the constitution of the working committee, the data collected, and the information found in the literature are presented. Apollo, the new service delivery model, is then described along with each of its components (e.g., community, group, and individual interventions). Actions and lessons learnt during the implementation of each component are presented. We hope by sharing our experiences that we can help others make informed decisions about service reorganization to improve the quality of services provided to children with disabilities, their families, and their communities. (Contains 2 tables and 3 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Females; Addictive Behavior; Foreign Countries; Rehabilitation; Decision Making; Allied Health Personnel; Research; Experience; Evidence

Abstract:
Aims: The study objectives were to: (1) understand the value attributed to the lived experience of addiction and recovery among professionals working in addiction agencies serving women in Canada and (2) describe how lived experience influence practice-related decision-making. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with a purposeful sample of 26 addiction professionals from 24 addiction agencies. Subsequently, a secondary analysis was conducted to identify data that would provide greater insight into issues related to the use of lived experience in decision-making. Findings: Participants who either described their personal history of addiction or discussed the influence of others' lived experience on decisions made within the agency indicated that: (1) some professionals perceive lived experience and research evidence as two dichotomous concepts, viewing lived experience as more credible than research evidence; (2) personal experience with a particular treatment can guide treatment decisions; (3) strong adherence to only one source of evidence leads to intra-organizational conflict and (4) different sources of evidence in decision-making need to be acknowledged to inform practice. Conclusion: The addiction field can benefit from increased understanding of decision-making as a multifaceted process involving different sources of evidence, including addiction professionals' lived experiences of addiction and recovery. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Visual Impairments; Visual Acuity; Eye Movements; Rehabilitation; Differences; Cohort Analysis; Comparative Analysis

Abstract:
Age-related maculopathy is the leading cause of vision loss among adults in developed countries, and its prevalence is expected to double over the next decade. The two forms of age-related maculopathy--exudative and nonexudative--are capable of affecting the macula, with potential symptoms including decreased contrast sensitivity, decreased visual acuity, abnormal adaptation to the dark, and central or pericentral scotomas. When a central scotoma impairs the ability of the fovea to distinguish detail, one or more preferred retinal loci (PRL), also known as pseudo-foveas, naturally develop at eccentric retinal locations and become the new points of fixation. The location of the PRL varies from person to person, as does the ability to maintain steady fixation with the PRL and to use it for reading and activities of daily living. Fletcher and Schuchard (1997) reported the results of a study examining patterns of PRL ability and location relative to macular scotomas. They mapped dense scotomas and determined the location of the PRL in 1,339 eyes in 825 persons with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope during a standard low vision rehabilitation evaluation. Fletcher and Schuchard created a scoring system to measure the pursuit ability, fixation stability, and saccadic ability of the PRL. They determined the characteristics of dense scotomas within 2.5 degrees of the PRL or fovea. Of the 1,339 eyes, 84% (1,130) demonstrated an established PRL, ranging in size from 1.0 degrees to 9.0 degrees in diameter, and 82.5% had a central dense scotoma. The PRL had no dense scotomas on any border in 14.8% of the eyes. It had one, two, or three borders with a dense scotoma in 39.7%, 19.0%, and 9.0% of the eyes, respectively. Ring scotomas, bordering the PRL on four borders, were present in 17.4% of the eyes. Of the eyes with one scotomatous border, most had a field defect located either superior (39.0%) or to the right (33.7%). It was less common for the eyes to have field defects to the left or inferior, with 19.9% and 7.5% of the eyes, respectively. This report presents a 10-year comparison of these previous findings. It examines whether the PRL characteristics of persons with low vision remained steady over the ensuing decade. Changes in PRL and visual field characteristics among persons with low vision over time could have implications for the approaches of low vision rehabilitation professionals to training in eccentric viewing and other rehabilitation techniques. (Contains 4 figures and 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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