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Descriptors:
Racial Composition; White Students; College Students; Intergroup Education; Higher Education; Student Diversity; Racial Attitudes; Ethnicity; Social Justice; Stereotypes; Intergroup Relations

Abstract:
The purpose of the present study was to investigate White students' experiences in an intergroup dialogue course that employed critical Whiteness pedagogy (Kincheloe & Steinberg, 2000) and focused on being White in a multicultural society. Using a qualitative approach, the authors investigated student participants' (n = 6) perceptions of the dialogue course and what they learned from engaging in this dialogue. Data from semistructured, individual interviews revealed several themes. With regard to students' general experiences during the course, findings suggested that they benefitted most from a balance of reading, personal reflection, and peer dialogue. Additionally, students reported mixed feelings about the racial composition of the students and cofacilitators in the course. With regard to the goals of critical Whiteness pedagogy, findings indicated that students increased their racial self-awareness, enhanced their knowledge of critical racial issues (e.g., institutional racism and White privilege), and engaged in some small behavioral steps toward becoming allies. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed. Additionally, the authors provide practical implications of the findings for university personnel. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Academic Achievement; Educational Policy; Racial Composition; Social Science Research; Elementary Schools; Secondary Schools; Age Differences; Effect Size; Minority Group Students; Meta Analysis; Outcomes of Education; Educational Environment; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Status; At Risk Students; Grade Point Average; African American Students; Hispanic American Students; White Students; High School Students; Middle School Students; Elementary School Students; Grades (Scholastic)

Abstract:
Recently published social science research suggests that students attending schools with concentrations of disadvantaged racial minority populations achieve less academic progress than their otherwise comparable counterparts in more racially balanced or integrated schools, but to date no meta-analysis has estimated the effect size of school racial composition on mathematics outcomes. This metaregression analysis reviewed the social science literature published in the past 20 years on the relationship between mathematics outcomes and the racial composition of the K-12 schools students attend. The authors employed a two-level hierarchical linear model to analyze the 25 primary studies with 98 regression effects. Results indicate that school racial isolation has a small statistically significant negative effect on overall building-level mathematics outcomes. This relationship is moderated by the size of the sample in the study and by the way the independent variable was operationalized. Although it is small, the effect size is substantively meaningful. The effects are stronger in secondary compared to elementary grades, and racial gaps widen as students age. The emergence and widening of the race gaps as students move through the grades suggest that the association of racial segregation with mathematics performance compounds over time. Implications for educational policy and future research are discussed. (Contains 6 tables and 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Minority Groups; Racial Differences; Academic Persistence; White Students; Research Methodology; Comparative Analysis; Research Needs; College Students; African American Students; Hispanic American Students; Asian American Students; Educational Environment; Racial Composition

Abstract:
What explains the persistent gap in college retention between white American college students and those who are members of ethnic minority groups? Some argue that a large part of the answer is campus racial climate: a negative climate disproportionately harms minority students and leads to worse outcomes. Existing theory provides some basis for this expectation. However, we find that empirical support for this claim is weak. Many studies fail to compare findings across racial groups, and the few that do offer at best inconsistent support for the thesis that racial climate helps to explain the retention gap. Furthermore, many studies are plagued with severe methodological problems such as lack of attention to level of analysis and failure to offer rigorous tests of differences across groups. We discuss the implications and offer recommendations for future research. (Contains 1 table and 1 footnote.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Higher Education; Educational Attainment; Ethnicity; High School Graduates; Graduation Rate; Barriers; Access to Education; Family Income; Racial Differences; White Students; African American Students; Hispanic American Students; Asian American Students; Pacific Islanders; American Indians; Mathematics Achievement; Reading Achievement; Scores; College Preparation; Paying for College; Racial Composition

Abstract:
National and regional trends mask important variation among states in the supply of high school graduates. This profile provides brief indicators for North Carolina related to: current levels of educational attainment, projections of high school graduates into the future, and two common barriers to student access and success--insufficient academic preparation and inadequate finances. This paper contains the following: (1) Educational Attainment by Race/Ethnicity; (2) Production of High School Graduates; (3) Public High School Graduates by Race/Ethnicity; (4) Composition of Public High School Graduates by Race/Ethnicity; (5) Composite Math and Reading Scores by Race/Ethnicity; and (6) Annual Income by Race/Ethnicity. (Contains 3 endnotes.) [For the complete report, "Knocking at the College Door: Projections of High School Graduates," see ED540129.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Higher Education; Educational Attainment; Ethnicity; High School Graduates; Graduation Rate; Barriers; Access to Education; Family Income; Racial Differences; White Students; African American Students; Hispanic American Students; Asian American Students; Pacific Islanders; American Indians; Mathematics Achievement; Reading Achievement; Scores; College Preparation; Paying for College; Racial Composition

Abstract:
National and regional trends mask important variation among states in the supply of high school graduates. This profile provides brief indicators for Louisiana related to: current levels of educational attainment, projections of high school graduates into the future, and two common barriers to student access and success--insufficient academic preparation and inadequate finances. This paper contains the following: (1) Educational Attainment by Race/Ethnicity; (2) Production of High School Graduates; (3) Public High School Graduates by Race/Ethnicity; (4) Composition of Public High School Graduates by Race/Ethnicity; (5) Composite Math and Reading Scores by Race/Ethnicity; and (6) Annual Income by Race/Ethnicity. (Contains 3 endnotes.) [For the complete report, "Knocking at the College Door: Projections of High School Graduates," see ED540129.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Higher Education; Educational Attainment; Ethnicity; High School Graduates; Graduation Rate; Barriers; Access to Education; Family Income; Racial Differences; White Students; African American Students; Hispanic American Students; Asian American Students; Pacific Islanders; American Indians; Mathematics Achievement; Reading Achievement; Scores; College Preparation; Paying for College; Racial Composition

Abstract:
National and regional trends mask important variation among states in the supply of high school graduates. This profile provides brief indicators for Tennessee related to: current levels of educational attainment, projections of high school graduates into the future, and two common barriers to student access and success--insufficient academic preparation and inadequate finances. This paper contains the following: (1) Educational Attainment by Race/Ethnicity; (2) Production of High School Graduates; (3) Public High School Graduates by Race/Ethnicity; (4) Composition of Public High School Graduates by Race/Ethnicity; (5) Composite Math and Reading Scores by Race/Ethnicity; and (6) Annual Income by Race/Ethnicity. (Contains 3 endnotes.) [For the complete report, "Knocking at the College Door: Projections of High School Graduates," see ED540129.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Higher Education; Educational Attainment; Ethnicity; High School Graduates; Graduation Rate; Barriers; Access to Education; Family Income; Racial Differences; White Students; African American Students; Hispanic American Students; Asian American Students; Pacific Islanders; American Indians; Mathematics Achievement; Reading Achievement; Scores; College Preparation; Paying for College; Racial Composition

Abstract:
National and regional trends mask important variation among states in the supply of high school graduates. This profile provides brief indicators for North Dakota related to: current levels of educational attainment, projections of high school graduates into the future, and two common barriers to student access and success--insufficient academic preparation and inadequate finances. This paper contains the following: (1) Educational Attainment by Race/Ethnicity; (2) Production of High School Graduates; (3) Public High School Graduates by Race/Ethnicity; (4) Composition of Public High School Graduates by Race/Ethnicity; (5) Composite Math and Reading Scores by Race/Ethnicity; and (6) Annual Income by Race/Ethnicity. (Contains 3 endnotes.) [For the complete report, "Knocking at the College Door: Projections of High School Graduates," see ED540129.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Educational Attainment; Racial Differences; Ethnicity; High School Graduates; Public Schools; Racial Composition; Scores; Mathematics Achievement; Reading Achievement; Family Income; American Indians; Alaska Natives; Asian Americans; Pacific Islanders; African Americans; Hispanic Americans; Whites; Paying for College; College Bound Students

Abstract:
National and regional trends mask important variation among states in the supply of high school graduates. This profile provides brief indicators for Montana related to: current levels of educational attainment, projections of high school graduates into the future, and two common barriers to student access and success--insufficient academic preparation and inadequate finances. This paper contains the following: (1) Educational Attainment by Race/Ethnicity; (2) Production of High School Graduates; (3) Public High School Graduates by Race/Ethnicity; (4) Composition of Public High School Graduates by Race/Ethnicity; (5) Composite Math and Reading Scores by Race/Ethnicity; and (6) Annual Income by Race/Ethnicity. (Contains 3 endnotes.) [For the complete report, "Knocking at the College Door: Projections of High School Graduates," see ED540129.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Higher Education; Educational Attainment; Ethnicity; High School Graduates; Graduation Rate; Barriers; Access to Education; Family Income; Racial Differences; White Students; African American Students; Hispanic American Students; Asian American Students; Pacific Islanders; American Indians; Mathematics Achievement; Reading Achievement; Scores; College Preparation; Paying for College; Racial Composition

Abstract:
National and regional trends mask important variation among states in the supply of high school graduates. This profile provides brief indicators for Arizona related to: current levels of educational attainment, projections of high school graduates into the future, and two common barriers to student access and success--insufficient academic preparation and inadequate finances. This paper contains the following: (1) Educational Attainment by Race/Ethnicity; (2) Production of High School Graduates; (3) Public High School Graduates by Race/Ethnicity; (4) Composition of Public High School Graduates by Race/Ethnicity; (5) Composite Math and Reading Scores by Race/Ethnicity; and (6) Annual Income by Race/Ethnicity. (Contains 3 endnotes.) [For the complete report, "Knocking at the College Door: Projections of High School Graduates," see ED540129.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Higher Education; Educational Attainment; Ethnicity; High School Graduates; Graduation Rate; Barriers; Access to Education; Family Income; Racial Differences; White Students; African American Students; Hispanic American Students; Asian American Students; Pacific Islanders; American Indians; Mathematics Achievement; Reading Achievement; Scores; College Preparation; Paying for College; Racial Composition

Abstract:
National and regional trends mask important variation among states in the supply of high school graduates. This profile provides brief indicators for Texas related to: current levels of educational attainment, projections of high school graduates into the future, and two common barriers to student access and success--insufficient academic preparation and inadequate finances. This paper contains the following: (1) Educational Attainment by Race/Ethnicity; (2) Production of High School Graduates; (3) Public High School Graduates by Race/Ethnicity; (4) Composition of Public High School Graduates by Race/Ethnicity; (5) Composite Math and Reading Scores by Race/Ethnicity; and (6) Annual Income by Race/Ethnicity. (Contains 3 endnotes.) [For the complete report, "Knocking at the College Door: Projections of High School Graduates," see ED540129.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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