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Descriptors:
Technology Education; Research Tools; Concept Teaching; Scientific Concepts; Hands on Science; Cost Effectiveness; Research Projects; Photography; Program Descriptions; Learning Modules; Laboratory Experiments; Laboratory Procedures; Optics; Laboratory Equipment; Engineering Technology; Intellectual History; Reprography; Printing

Abstract:
A lithography lab course has been developed that is applicable to students from the middle-school level up to college students. It can also be inserted into electronics technology or similar courses in two- and four-year colleges, or used to demonstrate applications of polymers in chemistry classes. Some of these techniques would enable research projects that involve photolithography for those who lack access to a research lab. The major contribution of this course is the innovative methodology, which allows students to have a hands-on experience of lithography without using expensive equipment typically found only in a clean room. Optical lithography, microcontact printing, and embossing can be performed using basic equipment. The appendix of this paper provides a comprehensive list of this equipment. The photolithography results are comparable to those obtained with standard research tools. (Contains 5 figures and 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Engineering Education; Engineering; Campuses; Intellectual Property; Printing; Technological Advancement; Computer Graphics; Computer Assisted Design; Technology Uses in Education

Abstract:
The ability to print a 3-D object may sound like science fiction, but it has been around in some form since the 1980s. Also called rapid prototyping or additive manufacturing, the idea is to take a design from a computer file and forge it into an object, often in flat cross-sections that can be assembled into a larger whole. While the printer on your desk uses ink on paper, these printers usually take powder or plastic that they mold into thin layers of material. Colleges and universities are finding more and more uses for 3-D-printing technology, which has grown in sophistication and fallen in price in recent years. Some proponents argue that nearly every discipline could benefit from the ability to easily create objects from customized designs. Professors around the country are developing open-source designs for 3-D printers, in the hope of further lowering the cost. In some cases, their efforts have sparked fights with manufacturers, who argue that their patents are being violated by the professors' creations. Even so, Mark Ganter, a professor of mechanical engineering at Washington, says 3-D printers will continue to proliferate, and to go beyond college campuses. In this article, the author discusses how 3-D printers spread from engineering departments to designs across disciplines. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Information Management; Access to Information; Information Retrieval; Usability; Computer Interfaces; Computer System Design; Gateway Systems; Navigation (Information Systems); Printing; Library Development

Abstract:
Given the pace of innovation, not only in the gadget market but in how social media is changing society, the future isn't what it used to be, which is to say, it is not that far off, out of reach, and "gee whiz" tomorrow. The planning horizon has moved closer than ever. And far-off eventualities are here and gone before you know it. In this article, the author describes what is unfolding just outside the library walls but may be coming to a library near you. Peter Halacsy, founder of a Budapest-based firm called Prezi (http://prezi.com), has developed an intriguing new approach to information management and retrieval, as reported by "The Economist" in its June 2012 Technology Quarterly. Zoomable user interfaces (ZUIs; pronounced "zoo-ees") take a unique approach to displaying information. Instead of locking resources into files on directories or cramming data and visualizations onto PowerPoint slides, media of all types are placed on an "infinite canvas" that you can scroll over, much like a Ouija board (although that is surely a simplification). For the information professions, ZUIs may open new territory for online teaching and for linking together disparate sources of knowledge that are still--all too often--marooned behind disciplinary boundaries. A more imminent breakthrough may well be print on demand (PoD). In September 2012, "Publisher's Weekly" reported that an agreement was reached between On Demand Books, makers of the Espresso Book Machine, and Eastman Kodak Co. to make Espresso on-demand technology available via Kodak Picture Kiosks. The same technology fits very nicely in library settings as an added service. It gives consumers the chance to decide whether to own the print copy, read the ebook, or just browse the stacks. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Engineering; Lasers; Recycling; Engineering Education; Printing; Wastes; Energy; Technology; Environmental Education; Light

Abstract:
Many of today's students have embraced an environmental ethic and are motivated by efforts to reduce waste or to remanufacture waste into viable products. In-class efforts to reuse and remanufacture waste can be especially motivating. They can also help students develop a better understanding of life-cycle analysis, waste-stream management, design-for-reuse, and other principles that promote cost savings in industry. Technology and engineering teachers and students can greatly benefit from activities that focus on reprocessing paper-based waste rather than discarding it or simply recycling it. In this article, the authors discuss how a laser cutter/engraver can play a role in encouraging students to consider waste stream management. (Contains 8 photos.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Industrial Psychology; Behavioral Science Research; Systems Analysis; Printing; Industry; Printed Materials; Technological Advancement; Adjustment (to Environment); Electronic Learning; Cost Effectiveness; Context Effect; Identification; Barriers; Productivity

Abstract:
This report demonstrates how the application of Behavioral Systems Analysis (BSA) methods assisted in assessing a small training company's Print Production Management (PPM) system. PPM is the process by which printed materials are conceptualized, estimated, released to a commercial printer, proofed, and delivered to the client. The current PPM process had not been evaluated or updated to reflect shifts in both the training and printing industries. The assessment found that the unrevised process was becoming obsolete, hindering performance, and costing the organization time and money. Recommendations were made for staffing and workflow, and implementation of tools were developed to support performance and contribute to successful execution of projects with printed elements. This report includes a follow-up evaluation made eight months after study completion. (Contains 3 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Dictionaries; Punctuation; Coding; Difficulty Level; Printing; Layout (Publications); Printed Materials; Design; Visual Literacy; Time Perspective

Abstract:
Dictionary compilers and designers use punctuation to structure and clarify entries and to encode information. Dictionaries with a relatively simple structure can have simple typography and simple punctuation; as dictionaries grew more complex, and encountered the space constraints of the printed page, complex encoding systems were developed, using punctuation and symbols. Two recent trends have emerged in dictionary resign: to eliminate punctuation, and sometimes to use a larger number of fonts, so that the boundaries between elements are indicated by font change, not punctuation. (Contains 31 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Energy; Manufacturing; Printing

Abstract:
There is a growing need for renewable energy sources, and solar power is a good option in many instances. Photovoltaic solar panels are now being manufactured via various methods, and different printing processes are being incorporated into the manufacturing process. Screen printing has been used most prevalently in the printing process to make solar cells, but some companies have used the offset web press type methods to put material onto foil; they also have created solar cells with inkjet printing. The printing of solar cells has helped to reduce manufacturing costs in most cases, and it also has increased the various applications in which solar power both is and can be used. Many more options for photovoltaic solar panels are available, and not simply the traditional ones that are often placed on rooftops. Such a variety of solar panels are partially to the result of the implementation of suitable printing processes during the production of these cells. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Design; Printing; Art Education; Student Projects; Undergraduate Students; Urban Areas; Teaching Methods; Theory Practice Relationship

Abstract:
This article discusses a Bachelor of Design honours year typography project in the medium of letterpress. The "Letter-space" project positioned letterpress as a textual, spatial and structural visual language, through which the experiences and meanings of a local urban place were translated, mapped and given form through typographic design. We outline and contextualise the pedagogical approach we took in this project. In "Letter-space" a pedagogy based on the principles of situated and reflective learning drew urban place and letterpress into a theorised practice. Metaphorical frameworks advanced in urban theory offered new insights into the ways in which urban place could be understood. These metaphors provided departure points for specific place-based investigation and interpretation. The subject of urban place and the medium of letterpress interacted through their shared language of structure and compositional order, facilitating the processes of mapping and translation. Examples of the student work produced in the project are discussed and show how theory and practice interacted through conceptual and metaphorical structures. The "Letter-space" project advanced the students' structural understanding of the principles and practices of typographic design, while at the same time deepened an awareness of the complex relationships which form and order familiar urban places. (Contains 8 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Layout (Publications); Printing; Industry; Design; Visual Literacy; Films; Career Development; Teaching Methods; Educational Practices; Plagiarism

Abstract:
Little historic context is generally provided regarding design phenomena; ideas, names, events and relationships are disregarded in design's typical superficial coverage; it is as though design exists in a vacuum. This paper seeks to put Helvetica, the face, the font and the movie into context by exploring its relationship to Swiss Design philosophically and practically. The infiltration of Helvetica, the font, into American design practices is also explored, along with some variation on typographic education from both a formal and informal perspective. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
University Presses; Institutional Mission; Ideology; Operations Research; Administrative Principles; Organizational Climate; Politics of Education; Faculty Publishing; Publications; Knowledge Management; Printing

Abstract:
America's university presses are situated within a network of over one hundred universities, learned societies, and scholarly associations. According to a pamphlet put out by the American Association of University Presses, these presses "make available to the broader public the full range and value of research generated by university faculty." "University presses are based at a wide array of educational institutions," the essay goes on, "and thus promote a diversity of scholarly perspectives." Requiring large subsidies to stay in operation, most presses are in business for scholarly, rather than financial, reasons. While some exist to enhance the prestige of their university, most presses view the dissemination of knowledge as their "raison d'etre". In large measure because of their charter to generate and disseminate knowledge, the federal government grants university presses not-for-profit status. This paper surveys the works of the prestigious Yale University Press and concludes that it is more concerned with purveying the progressive, left-wing opinions of its authors, and less with demanding fealty to facts and scholarly standards--a policy scarcely in keeping with the principles of the press's idealistic founding. (Contains 13 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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