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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Apprenticeships; Urban Areas; Social Capital; Sustainability; Vocational Education; Postsecondary Education; Adult Education; Young Adults; Urban Renewal; Case Studies

Abstract:
Apprenticeship has always played both a social and economic role. Today, it forms part of the regeneration strategies of cities in the United Kingdom. This involves the creation and management of complex institutional relationships across the public and private domains of the civic landscape. This paper argues that it is through closely observed analysis of these meso-level developments (in contrast to studies of national systems) that we can reveal how the sustainability of vocational education and training initiatives depends on the generation of civic social capital in the pursuit of collective goals. At the same time, the path-dependent nature of the clustering of social and economic inequality in urban post-industrial settings remains a constant reminder of the scale of the problems confronting all those involved. (Contains 4 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Foreign Countries; Masters Degrees; Masters Programs; Qualifications; Program Implementation; Comparative Analysis; Comparative Education; National Standards; Regional Characteristics; Regional Planning; Educational Legislation; Quality Assurance; Educational Policy; Governance; Postsecondary Education; Evidence; Guidelines

Abstract:
This article compares the national-level requirements for master degree provision in England, Denmark and Portugal following the implementation of the Bologna Process, and ponders upon the reconcilability of these requirements in cross-national initiatives (e.g. joint degrees). In all three countries, master degrees have to comply with the national qualification frameworks, which have been verified against the Framework for Qualifications of the European Higher Education Area. Other regulations apply, however. In Denmark and Portugal, higher education degrees are tightly regulated by legislation, while the "Academic Infrastructure" developed by the Quality Assurance Agency in the UK acts as a broad reference for degree design, giving English institutions a high degree of freedom. Findings reveal the existence of contradictory requirements which have arisen further to policy adaptations, made possible by the non-legally binding character of Bologna and its loose policy mechanisms. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Postsecondary Education; Postmodernism; Competition; Commercialization; Computers; Neoliberalism; Performance; Research; Financial Support; Foreign Countries

Abstract:
Jean-Francois Lyotard's classic work, "The Postmodern Condition," was first published in 1979 and has been available in English translation since 1984 (Lyotard 1984). Intended as a "report on knowledge," "The Postmodern Condition" has gained a wide readership among critical policy analysts with an interest in universities and research. Lyotard identifies fundamental shifts in conceptions of the nature, function, and status of knowledge that would become clearly evident both within and beyond the confines of the academy. Lyotard did not frame his work in terms of the organizing themes of utopia or dystopia, but "The Postmodern Condition" lends itself readily to analysis from such a perspective. With so much having been written about Lyotard, and "The Postmodern Condition" in particular, it can be helpful to focus on a quite specific context as a means for making some broader theoretical observations. In this article, the author examines developments in tertiary education and research policy in New Zealand, paying particular attention to the Performance-Based Research Fund (PBRF) as an example of performativity, competition, and the commodification of knowledge in action. He argues that the trends evident in changes under the PBRF constitute a form of academic dystopia. The article begins with an overview of Lyotard's position on knowledge, competition, and research in a computerized, postmodern world. He then assesses the PBRF in the light of Lyotard's ideas. He comments on the limiting language of outputs, discusses links between information, interpretation, and the unknown, and considers the impact of research assessment regimes on intellectual life. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Postsecondary Education; Outcomes of Education; Mastery Learning; Colleges; Curriculum Development; Profiles; Stakeholders; Competence

Abstract:
In January 2011, the Lumina Foundation published its Degree Qualifications Profile (DQP) to challenge faculty and academic leaders in the U.S. to think deeply and concretely about aligning expectations for student learning outcomes across higher education. Since then, the DQP has kindled extensive discussions about what the postsecondary degrees granted by American colleges and universities really mean with respect to what graduates know and can do. But the text of the DQP itself provides only limited guidance to stakeholders with respect to assessment. In order to render the Profile's potential real, institutions and their faculties will need to develop consistent and systematic ways to gather evidence that the competencies that the DQP describes are actually being mastered at the levels claimed. In this paper, I explore some of what needs to be done in this area and provide a few tools and techniques (some of which are already in widespread use) that may help us move forward. In offering them, I invite faculties at all our colleges and universities to carefully examine what the DQP asks us to do in designing more aligned and integrated approaches to teaching, learning, and determining student competence--as well as to actively experiment with these ideas and techniques with their colleagues. (Contains 13 footnotes.) [Foreword by George Kuh and Stan Ikenberry and Afterword by Carol Geary Schneider.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Dual Enrollment; High School Students; Postsecondary Education; High Schools; Public Colleges; Private Colleges; Two Year Colleges; School Size; Courses; Enrollment Trends; Enrollment Rate; Eligibility; College Credits; College Faculty; Secondary School Teachers; Teacher Qualifications; Tuition; At Risk Students; Distance Education; College Admission; Admission Criteria; Curriculum; Academic Degrees; Pupil Personnel Services; National Surveys

Abstract:
This report provides descriptive national data on the prevalence and characteristics of dual enrollment programs at postsecondary institutions in the United States. For this survey, dual enrollment refers to high school students earning college credits for courses taken through a postsecondary institution. The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) previously collected data on dual enrollment and dual credit for the 2002-03 academic year from postsecondary institutions and high schools (Kleiner and Lewis 2005; Waits, Setzer, and Lewis 2005). To gather current data on dual enrollment and dual credit, NCES fielded an updated survey of postsecondary institutions on dual enrollment and a complementary survey of high schools on dual credit. The study presented in this report collected information for the 2010-11 academic year from postsecondary institutions on the enrollment of high school students in college-level courses within and outside of dual enrollment programs, and dual enrollment program characteristics. NCES, part of the Institute of Education Sciences, conducted this survey in fall 2011 using the Postsecondary Education Quick Information System (PEQIS). PEQIS is a survey system designed to collect small amounts of issue-oriented data from a nationally representative sample of institutions with minimal burden on respondents and within a relatively short period of time. Because the purpose of this report is to introduce new NCES data from this survey through the presentation of tables containing descriptive information, only selected findings are presented. These findings have been chosen to demonstrate the range of information available from the PEQIS dual enrollment study rather than to discuss all of the data collected; they are not meant to emphasize any particular issue. The findings are based on self-reported data from postsecondary institutions. Appended are: (1) Standard Error Tables; (2) Technical Notes; and (3) Questionnaire. (Contains 31 tables and 13 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; College Transfer Students; Student Mobility; Articulation (Education); Postsecondary Education; Public Colleges; Student Surveys; Transitional Programs; Participant Satisfaction; Attribution Theory; Student Attitudes; Institutional Characteristics; Student Characteristics; Student Educational Objectives; Academic Persistence; Transfer Rates (College)

Abstract:
Over the last several years, there has been a wealth of new data on student mobility in British Columbia's postsecondary system. Quantitative information from the Student Transitions Project (STP) has allowed current and prospective students, the BC Council on Admissions and Transfer (BCCAT), public post-secondary institutions, the Ministry responsible for post-secondary education and the Ministry of Education to get a clearer picture of how students navigate the system, moving among public post-secondary institutions in multiple directions. These administrative data, rich as they are, are unable to answer qualitative questions about why students are moving and how satisfied they are with their institutions and the transfer experience. Data from the Student Transitions Project (STP) were used to identify students who were registered in one or more BC public post-secondary institutions in fall 2011 and were enrolled in a different BC public post-secondary institution during the academic year 2010-2011. Of the 5,932 movers identified as eligible for surveying, 1,623 responded for an overall response rate of 27.4 percent. Respondents to the "Survey of Movers" have provided important insight into their considerations, decisions and experiences as they moved between BC's public post-secondary institutions. As a group, they entered the postsecondary system with varying goals--most commonly either credential completion at their original institution, or transfer to another institution. Most respondents (58 percent) had met their main goals by the time they left their original institution and 85 percent had met their main goal at their subsequent institution by the time they were surveyed. Most students switched institutions not due to dissatisfaction, but because they wanted to pursue a specific program that they could not pursue at the original institution. Appended are: (1) Identifying the Eligible Cohort; and (2) Transfer Expectations and Satisfaction. (Contains 3 footnotes.) [For "Survey of Movers. Executive Summary," see ED540020.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Access to Information; Postsecondary Education; Academic Aspiration; Accuracy; Student Financial Aid; Outcomes of Education; Video Technology; High School Students; Educational Research; Foreign Countries

Abstract:
"Information and College Access: Evidence From a Randomized Field Experiment" examined the impact of offering an online informational video and financial aid materials to high school students on: (1) their postsecondary aspirations, (2) the accuracy of their understanding of financial aid availability, and (3) the accuracy of their estimates of the economic benefits of postsecondary education. More than 1,600 students from five low-achieving high schools in Toronto were invited to complete an online survey about their postsecondary aspirations. After completing the survey, respondents were selected at random to view a three-minute video and to use a financial aid calculator. Students were also given the financial aid application package for local postsecondary institutions along with instructions on how to apply for aid. Students in the control condition did not receive any of these materials. Outcomes were measured by a follow-up online survey conducted three weeks later. The study found that students offered the video and financial aid calculator reported more accurate assessments of returns to postsecondary education, less concern about postsecondary costs, and higher expectations for their educational attainment. The effects may have been larger for students who originally reported that they were unsure about their expected educational attainment. However, because of the need for additional data from the study authors, the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) cannot confirm the statistical significance of any of the study's outcomes. The study is a randomized experiment. Although overall attrition was 40%, attrition rates differed by only one percentage point in the treatment and comparison groups. Therefore, this study could potentially meet WWC evidence standards without reservations. A more thorough review (forthcoming) will be conducted to determine the study rating. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Public Schools; High Schools; High School Students; Credits; Dual Enrollment; Postsecondary Education; Advanced Placement Programs; Distance Education; Academic Education; Vocational Education; Student Transportation; Student Costs; Institutional Characteristics; Prerequisites; Educational Finance; Associate Degrees; Bachelors Degrees; Certification; Secondary School Teachers; College Faculty; Grouping (Instructional Purposes); National Surveys

Abstract:
This report provides nationally representative data on the prevalence and characteristics of dual credit and exam-based courses in public high schools. For this survey, dual credit is defined as a course or program where high school students can earn both high school and postsecondary credits for the same courses; exam-based courses are Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) courses. The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) previously collected data on dual credit and exam-based courses for the 2002-03 school year from high schools (Waits, Setzer, and Lewis 2005; Kleiner and Lewis 2005). To gather current data on dual credit and dual enrollment, NCES fielded an updated survey of public high schools on dual credit and a complementary survey of postsecondary institutions on dual enrollment. The study presented in this report collected information from public high schools with grade 11 or 12 about dual credit and exam-based courses for high school students in the 2010-11 school year. NCES, in the Institute of Education Sciences, conducted this survey in fall 2011 using the Fast Response Survey System (FRSS). FRSS is a survey system designed to collect small amounts of issue-oriented data from a nationally representative sample of districts, schools, or teachers with minimal burden on respondents and within a relatively short period of time. The survey was mailed to approximately 1,500 public high schools with grade 11 or 12 in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The unweighted survey response rate was 91 percent and the weighted response rate using the initial base weights was also 91 percent. The survey weights were adjusted for questionnaire nonresponse and the data were then weighted to yield national estimates that represent all eligible public high schools in the United States. Because the purpose of this report is to introduce new NCES data from the survey through the presentation of tables containing descriptive information, only selected national findings are presented. These findings have been chosen to demonstrate the range of information available from the FRSS study rather than to discuss all of the data collected; they are not meant to emphasize any particular issue. Readers are cautioned not to make causal inferences about the data presented here. The findings are based on self-reported data from public high schools. Appended are: (1) Standard Error Tables; (2) Technical Notes; and (3) Questionnaire. (Contains 31 tables and 10 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Educational Policy; Postsecondary Education; Stakeholders; Foreign Countries; Enrollment; Equal Education; Educational Quality; Relevance (Education); Governance; Educational Finance

Abstract:
In Colombia, the beginning of a new century has brought with it a palpable feeling of optimism. Colombians and visitors sense that the country's considerable potential can be realised, and education is rightly seen as crucial to this process. As opportunities expand, Colombians will need new and better skills to respond to new challenges and prospects. The government is therefore determined to address key challenges confronting tertiary education in the country: expanding enrolment and improving equity, increasing quality and relevance, and making governance and finance more responsive. Colombia has more than a decade of progress under its belt, and the energy to reach ambitious policy goals. Getting there in practice will involve dialogue and consensus-seeking among all stakeholders, as well as new resources and new rules. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Enrollment Projections; Graduation Rate; Expenditures; Educational Finance; Elementary Secondary Education; Public Schools; Private Schools; High School Graduates; Elementary School Teachers; Secondary School Teachers; Public Education; Postsecondary Education; College Graduates; Academic Degrees; Regional Characteristics; Age Differences; Gender Differences; Racial Differences; Public Colleges; Private Colleges; College Freshmen; Teacher Student Ratio; School Statistics; Educational Trends

Abstract:
"Projections of Education Statistics to 2021" is the 40th report in a series begun in 1964. It includes statistics on elementary and secondary schools and postsecondary degree-granting institutions. This report provides revisions of projections shown in "Projections of Education Statistics to 2020" and projections of enrollment, graduates, teachers, and expenditures to the year 2021. In addition to projections at the national level, the report includes projections of public elementary and secondary school enrollment and public high school graduates to the year 2021 at the state level. The projections in this report were produced by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) to provide researchers, policy analysts, and others with state-level projections developed using a consistent methodology. They are not intended to supplant detailed projections prepared for individual states. Assumptions regarding the population and the economy are the key factors underlying the projections of education statistics. NCES projections do not reflect changes in national, state, or local education policies that may affect education statistics. Appended are: (1) Introduction to Projection Methodology; (2) Supplementary Tables; (3) Data Sources; (4) References; (5) List of Abbreviations; and (6) Glossary. (Contains 77 tables, 27 figures and 1 footnote.) [For "Projections of Education Statistics to 2020. Thirty-Ninth Edition. NCES 2011-026," see ED524098.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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