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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Student Experience; Undergraduate Students; Undergraduate Study; Predictor Variables; Academic Persistence; School Holding Power; Online Surveys; Factor Analysis; Statistical Analysis; On Campus Students; Comparative Analysis; Social Integration; Transitional Programs; Student Adjustment; Place of Residence

Abstract:
Many factors go into the decision of selecting a university, ranging from the overall costs and the programme of study to the institute's reputation; however, accommodation while at university and proximity of the university to one's permanent abode also play important roles in this decision-making process. Thus, first-year students experience different stages of separation from their prior networks depending on their individual situations. The results of this Ontario (Canada) 2012 study add to prior research by indicating that separation of students' living arrangements and distance from home impact on transition and incorporation variables, which influenced students' adaptation to university. (Contains 4 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Job Security; Probability; Human Capital; Social Capital; Wages; Labor Supply; Rural Development; Foreign Countries; Employment; Agricultural Occupations; Interpersonal Relationship; Role; Income; Place of Residence; Prediction

Abstract:
This article analyzes off-farm work among subsistence-level farmers in the Santarem region of the Brazilian Amazon. We build on the literature on rural livelihoods in the Global South by exploring how the opportunity to work off the farm is embedded in social relationships. We additionally differentiate our analysis by type of off-farm work, and examine how other characteristics such as human capital, the available labor supply, and access to infrastructure vary by work outcome. In general, the factors that contribute to more secure, relatively higher-paying work differ from those important in understanding patterns of lower-paying, daily wage work. We find that on-farm social capital, measured as the presence of a co-resident on the property who works off the farm, increases an individual's probability of working off the farm, but has a stronger effect for lower-wage work. We also find that the farm owner's relationship to households on the farm property plays a significant role in predicting patterns of off-farm work. These findings suggest that social capital plays an important role in providing access to employment and therefore to cash income, but that farm-level social capital does not necessarily provide pathways to stable or high-paying jobs outside agriculture. (Contains 3 tables, 3 figures and 16 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Bullying; Homosexuality; Sexual Orientation; Identification (Psychology); Social Attitudes; Educational Environment; Student Needs; At Risk Students; Intervention; Program Effectiveness; Attendance Patterns; School Policy; Victims; Adolescents; Social Support Groups; Racial Differences; Place of Residence; Institutional Characteristics; Geographic Location

Abstract:
This study examines the availability and effectiveness of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)-related school resources for a national sample of transgender youth (N = 409), as compared to a national sample of LGB cisgender (non-transgender) youth (N = 6,444). All four examined resources--gay-straight alliances (GSAs), supportive educators, LGBT-inclusive curricula, and comprehensive anti-bullying/anti-harassment policies which include specific protections for LGBT students--were related to decreased absenteeism. Three of the four resources (except for comprehensive anti-bullying/anti-harassment policies) were related to lower levels of victimization. The results indicated that the resources provided benefits for transgender and cisgender LGB students alike, yet the positive effects of policies and GSAs were even stronger for transgender youth. (Contains 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Student Financial Aid; State Colleges; College Programs; Tuition; Admission Criteria; Out of State Students; Place of Residence; Residence Requirements; Financial Policy; Student Exchange Programs; Eligibility; Information Sources; Access to Education; State Policy; Undergraduate Study

Abstract:
WUE is the Western Undergraduate Exchange, a program coordinated by the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE). Through WUE, students in Western states may enroll in participating two-year and four-year public college programs at a reduced tuition level: up to 150 percent of the institution's regular resident tuition. In all cases, WUE tuition is considerably less than nonresident tuition. Virtually all undergraduate fields are available to WUE students at one or more of the participating colleges and universities. Some institutions have opened their entire curriculum on a space-available or first-come, first-served basis. Others offer only designated programs at the discounted WUE rate. For the academic year 2013-2014, the 25th year of WUE's operation, resident students from the following states may participate, if they meet eligibility requirements: (1) Alaska; (2) Idaho; (3) Oregon; (4) Arizona; (5) Montana; (6) South Dakota; (7) California; (8) Nevada; (9) Utah; (10) Colorado; (11) New Mexico; (12) Washington; (13) Hawaii; (14) North Dakota; and (15) Wyoming. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
African Americans; Drinking; Multivariate Analysis; Delinquency; Structural Equation Models; Rural Areas; Urban Areas; Goodness of Fit; Gender Differences; Place of Residence; Correlation; Adolescents

Abstract:
A model of negative affect and alcohol use was replicated on a sample of African-American high school students. Participants (N = 5,086) were randomly selected from a previously collected data set and consisted of 2,253 males and 2,833 females residing in both rural and urban locations. Multivariate analysis of covariance and structural equation modeling were performed. While fit indices suggest that the original model does apply to African-Americans, adding delinquency as a mediator significantly increased the variance accounted for in alcohol use. There were differences in the strength of model relationships based on gender and location of residence. (Contains 1 table, 2 figures and 3 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Developing Nations; Trust (Psychology); Role of Religion; Multiple Regression Analysis; Ethnicity; Educational Attainment; Age Differences; Gender Differences; Mass Media Role; Social Justice; Religion; Catholics; Religious Organizations; Place of Residence; Life Satisfaction; Political Affiliation; Social Indicators; Sociometric Techniques; Religious Factors; Comparative Analysis; Surveys; Correlation; Predictor Variables; Traditionalism; Protestants; Muslims

Abstract:
Based on individual-level data from 2008 Afro-barometer survey, this study explores the relationship between religion (religious affiliation and religious importance) and trust (interpersonal and institutional) among Ghanaians. Employing hierarchical multiple regression technique, our analyses reveal a positive relationship between religious affiliation and both measures of trust among Ghanaians. A positive relationship between Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Pentecostal/Evangelical faiths and interpersonal trust compared to non/traditional religion are detected. The data also reveal that upon controls, only Catholic and Pentecostal/Evangelical show significant positive effect on institutional trust among Ghanaians compared to non/traditional religion. It is worth noting that religious importance does not significantly predictor of neither interpersonal nor institutional trust among Ghanaians. The overall effect of religion on trust is weak, and weaker for institutional trust. Most of the difference relates to the difference between world religions and traditional religions. Place of residence, political affiliation, region of residence, ethnicity, and education are significant nonreligious predictors of both institution and interpersonal trust among Ghanaians. The findings further show that whereas age significantly influences only interpersonal trust, gender, life satisfaction, media exposure, sense of corruption, and sense of unfair treatment are significant factors molding institutional trust among Ghanaians. Policy implications of the study are discussed, emphasizing the need to incorporate religious organizations in efforts aimed at boosting interpersonal and institutional trust among Ghanaians. Religious-specific trust promotion program is suggested as possible strategy likely to succeed in Ghana. The need for more detailed studies in this important but ignored area is emphasized. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Higher Education; Living Standards; Ethnic Groups; Foreign Countries; Skill Development; Income; Economic Development; Global Approach; Census Figures; National Surveys; Social Differences; Geographic Regions; Gender Differences; Socioeconomic Status; Predictor Variables; Place of Residence; Rural Areas; Urban Areas; Social Indicators

Abstract:
In an increasingly knowledge-based globalized world, higher education, advanced training and skill development are critical priorities for Vietnam. This paper aims to estimate the participation in higher education and its regional distribution in Vietnam, and to identify its determinants at the individual and contextual levels. Data used were from Vietnam Population and Housing Census 2009 linked with Vietnam living standard survey 2009. The participation rate overall in the colleges/universities among 19-22 year olds in Vietnam was 16.3%, but this rate varied significantly across the provinces. Household socioeconomic status, gender, ethnic group, migrant status, and urban/rural residence were significant individual level predictors of participation while indicator of fertility stabilization, income distribution, and average education level were significant predictors at the contextual (provincial) level. The results show that individual, social and regional inequalities are important impediments to higher education participation among the Vietnam youth. The government needs to pay more attention to promoting higher education and training in order to position Vietnam in the global economy. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Evidence; Victims; Sexual Abuse; Place of Residence; Child Abuse; Foreign Countries; Rape; Referral; Comparative Analysis; Age; Ethnicity; Injuries; Self Destructive Behavior

Abstract:
Research that attempts to identify characteristic features of multiple perpetrator sexual assault (MPSA) is limited. This study compared demographic and assault related characteristics of 135 cases of MPSA with 139 cases of single perpetrator sexual assault (SPSA) reported to the Haven sexual assault referral centre, Camberwell, London, over a 4-year period, and aimed to identify any unique features of MPSA victims, perpetrators and assault type. Victims of MPSA were younger, less likely to be White, more likely to report previous self-harm and more likely to sustain injuries than victims of SPSA. Multiple perpetrators were younger, less likely to be White and more likely to be strangers to the victim than single perpetrators. The nature of the assault was different in single and multiple perpetrator cases; in MPSA, there were more completed rapes and more multiple rapes, and perpetrators were more likely to meet the victim in an outside location before carrying out the assault in a place of residence that was not the victim's. These findings add to a scant but growing evidence base. (Contains 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Family Violence; Place of Residence; Marital Status; Crime; Females; Spouses; Role; Weapons; Sexual Abuse; Sex Role; Gender Differences; Predictor Variables; Age

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of Palestinian adults toward different dimensions of wife abuse. A cross-sectional survey, using a combination of self-administered questionnaires and interviews, was conducted among a systematic random sample of 624 adult Palestinian men and women from the West Bank and Gaza Strip (18 years or older). Study results indicated a strong tendency to justify wife beating in different situations, such as when the wife is perceived as having an affair with another man or as physically attacking her husband. Participants considered the following acts of husband's violence against wife as most severe: using a weapon (86%), having sex with the wife against her will (67%), and hitting her with his fist (57%). The majority of participants thought that wife beating should be considered a crime (82.3%). Traditional marital role expectations was the main significant predictor for all of the study criterion variables. Gender, place of residence, age, and marital status were significant predictors of some of the criterion variables. (Contains 2 tables and 5 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Child Welfare; Family (Sociological Unit); Family Structure; Family Programs; Well Being; Correlation; Mothers; Marriage; Interpersonal Relationship; Incidence; Place of Residence; Birth

Abstract:
Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4,898), this study investigated how the share, correlates, transition patterns, and duration of 3-generation households vary by mother's relationship status at birth. Nine percent of married mothers, 17% of cohabiting mothers, and 45% of single mothers lived in a 3-generation family household at the time of the child's birth. Incidence over time was much higher and most common among single-mother households: Sixty percent lived in a 3-generation family household at least 1 wave. Economic need, culture, and generational needs were associated with living in a 3-generation household; correlates varied by mother's relationship status. Three-generation family households were short lived, and transitions were frequent. Kin support through coresidence was an important source of support for families with young children and in particular families in which the parents were unwed at the time of their child's birth. (Contains 4 tables and 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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