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Pub Date: |
2013-03-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Psychologists; Educational Psychology; Professional Associations; Individual Characteristics; Time Management; Influences; Writing Processes; Cooperation; Mentors; Qualitative Research
Abstract:
This article seeks to answer the questions: Who are the most productive and influential educational psychologists? What factors characterize these educational psychologists? And, what advice might they pass along to budding scholars? To determine the top educational psychologists, we surveyed the membership of Division 15 (Educational Psychology) in the American Psychological Association. The four top scholars were Patricia Alexander, Richard Mayer, Dale Schunk, and Barry Zimmerman. To determine characterizing factors, we used qualitative research methods that uncovered the scholars' trademark characteristics, influences, time management practices, writing techniques, collaboration patterns, mentoring practices, and other intriguing aspects. Finally, we asked the top scholars what advice they might pass along to budding scholars.
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Pub Date: |
2013-02-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Information Analyses; Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Adolescents; Addictive Behavior; Predictor Variables; Males; Females; Individual Characteristics; Influences; Research; Intervention; Prevention; Parent Participation; Foreign Countries
Abstract:
This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on adolescent gambling for the period 1990-2010, assesses adolescent gambling behavior and person and environment predictors, and suggests directions for future research. The review includes 99 studies that identified their subjects as adolescents, children, youth, and students, and discusses adolescent gambling behavior, male and female adolescent gambling, and person and environment variables relating to adolescent gambling. Results reveal that most past research was conducted in Australia, North America, and Europe under the hypothesis of behavior as a function of person and environment variables. Future research should examine the mediated effects of person and environment variables, gambling cessation, gambling in other countries, and internet gambling. Intervention and prevention of adolescent gambling need parental involvement with parents not gambling themselves.
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Pub Date: |
2013-02-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Indigenous Populations; Addictive Behavior; Sociocultural Patterns; Influences; Public Health; Risk; Prevention; Literature Reviews
Abstract:
The prevention of gambling-related problems amongst Aboriginal communities has been neglected by most public health strategies which concentrate on mainstream populations. Research indicates that rates of problem gambling are higher for Aboriginal groups than the general population. Specific cultural, familial, and social patterns influence gambling by Aboriginal groups, which are individually different, making it difficult to implement a cohesive strategy to address gambling-related harms. Because of this complexity, a thorough literature review is necessary to identify gaps in policy and research. This paper uses a public health framework to consider multi-dimensional influences (personal, environmental, economic, cultural and social) that affect gambling uptake. Such analysis is also important for identifying risk factors which facilitate the development and maintenance of problem gambling and potentially for underpinning protection, prevention and treatment programs. It is advised that strategies be developed in consultation with Aboriginal peoples to guide public health policy and research to minimise any gambling-related harms.
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Pub Date: |
2013-02-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Instructional Leadership; Cutting Scores; Decision Making; Standard Setting (Scoring); Influences; Principals; Administrator Evaluation; Competence; Rating Scales; Administrator Effectiveness
Abstract:
Purpose: Performance evaluation informs professional development and helps school personnel improve student learning. Although psychometric literature indicates that a rational, sound, and coherent standard-setting process adds to the credibility of an assessment, few studies have empirically examined the decision-making process. This article sheds light on the inner workings of setting cut scores for leadership proficiency from the deliberative perspectives of expert-panel participants, including principals, teachers, district supervisors, and researchers. Research Design: Qualitative methods are used to observe and document a standards-setting process as it takes place and to analyze the results. Findings: The findings indicate that setting cut scores for principal leadership proficiency is a cognitively demanding but achievable process for effective implementation of carefully designed procedures. The study also provides insight regarding the influence of external factors, such as backgrounds of panelists, consideration of school contexts, and concerns about consequence during the standard-setting deliberation. (Contains 3 tables and 4 notes.)
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Pub Date: |
2013-00-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Standard Setting (Scoring); Cognitive Processes; Mathematics Tests; Language Tests; English (Second Language); Second Language Learning; English Teachers; Mathematics Teachers; Grade 5; Cutting Scores; Influences; Feedback (Response); Developing Nations; Foreign Countries
Abstract:
Considerable research about standard setting has revolved around a U.S.-centric policy context. That is, over the past decade, conclusions about thought processes and the interaction of education policy and panelists' judgments have been based on assumptions of comparable policy settings. However, whether these assumptions generalize to other education contexts is to some extent unknown. This study addresses what standard setting panelists in a developing nation think about when making item performance estimates for students in various performance categories. Panelists were asked to respond to a set of questions at various stages of the standard setting workshop. The results suggested that panelists gained experience about standard setting procedure, understanding descriptions of the performance level categories, and making more consistent decisions on the test items. Most of the panelists were not influenced by the item p-value and impact data while making Round 2 ratings. However, the panelists did mention that the feedback data helped them to understand better the four performance level categories and provided a reality check of their Round 1 item performance estimates. Salient factors for panelists in this study are compared with findings from other research in the area. (Contains 8 tables.)
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Pub Date: |
2013-01-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Early Adolescents; Late Adolescents; Educational Attainment; Influences; Socioeconomic Status; Family Income; Welfare Services; Mothers; Age; Sex; Relocation; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Behavior Disorders; Family Relationship; Mental Health; Predictor Variables; Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Abstract:
This paper explores the relative importance of social factors and health measures in predicting educational achievement in early and late adolescence using population-based administrative data. The sample was made up of 41,943 children born in Manitoba, Canada between 1982 and 1989 and remaining in the province until age 18. Multilevel modeling nests each individual (level 1) within a family (level 2) residing within a neighborhood (level 3). Most important in predicting adolescent achievement were a broad socioeconomic status index (and a narrower measure of household income), being on social assistance, mother's age at first birth, gender, residential mobility, the presence of ADHD/Conduct disorders, and measures of family functioning (child taken into care or offered protection services and family structure history). Family size, birth order, and newborn characteristics (birthweight, APGAR, gestational age) were statistically significant but of little importance in explaining the outcomes. Both examining regression coefficients and systematically omitting variables showed social factors (often emphasized by epidemiologists) to have markedly greater effects than the combination of health measures (often stressed by economists) in predicting achievement. However, mental health in childhood is identified as among the important predictors. Record linkage across population datasets from health, education, and family services ministries allowed: tracking health and educational attainment at different times in a child's life, following a large number of cases across childhood, considerable sensitivity testing, controlling for unmeasured family and neighborhood effects, generating an extensive list of predictors, estimating effect sizes, and comparing Manitoba results with those of well-known American studies.
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Pub Date: |
2013-01-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Water; Water Quality; Influences; Well Being; Psychological Patterns; Rural Areas; Rural Population; Social Indicators; Foreign Countries
Abstract:
The literature on happiness or subjective well-being has explored the determinants of happiness without taking into consideration the role that water plays. In this paper we attempt to draw attention to water in subjective well-being studies. Approximately one hundred million people do not have access to water. A lack of clean water causes diseases such as diarrhea and cholera, responsible for around 5% of the total deaths in the world. Access to water should therefore be a necessary asset in life. In order to consider access to water, we estimate its influence on subjective well-being using data from rural Yucatan, Mexico. Residents in Yucatan suffer from low quality access to water and there are also imperfections in the management of the service, such as water cuts. We estimate the influence of water on subjective well-being, finding a positive and significant relationship. In a second stage of the research, we relate water access variables to subjective well-being, the health and the water domain of life, finding significant results. These results make it possible to formulate political measures concerning access to water and happiness maximization. We demonstrate that access to water is important for well-being in Yucatan and might be important in many other places; we therefore encourage future research to contemplate water satisfaction and water variables in their analysis.
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