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Descriptors:
Nonfiction; Novels; Preservice Teachers; History Instruction; Credibility; Cartoons; Social Studies; Teaching Methods; Thinking Skills; Student Attitudes; Decision Making; Reading Materials; Preservice Teacher Education

Abstract:
This article examined the value of using nonfiction graphic novels as historical narratives in the social studies curriculum. Preservice teachers evaluated several graphic novels and identified attributes of graphic novels that could contribute to students' development of historical thinking and understanding of multiple perspectives. Despite the preservice teachers' value for graphic novels as resources and their desire to use them in their future classrooms, all of the preservice teachers identified reasons why they would not be able to use graphic novels in their future school context. The findings suggested that the preservice teachers' desire to be accepted by their school community took precedence over their intention to use resources that they deemed engaging and beneficial for student learning. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Prior Learning; Social Studies; Death; History Instruction; Teaching Methods; Units of Study; Guidelines; Museums; European History; Jews; War

Abstract:
Students often bring considerable prior information about the Holocaust to their study of the event, with much of that knowledge being inaccurate or incomplete. In addition, the Shoah's complexity necessitates that teachers establish a well-defined framework as they introduce the topic to their students. This article outlines an opening lesson for a Holocaust unit in which students develop a definition of the event by completing a multistep process that deconstructs the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's definition of the Shoah. Through this process, teachers gain valuable information about students' prior knowledge while establishing a structured approach to the teaching of the event. In addition, students' content knowledge of the Shoah is expanded as critical topics about the event are introduced at the start of their study of the topic. (Contains 4 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Academic Discourse; Critical Literacy; Ethnography; Play; Nonfiction; Young Children; History; History Instruction; Reader Text Relationship; Imagination; Creativity; Emergent Literacy; Literacy; Writing Instruction

Abstract:
This article examines the relationship between literacy and play in six- and seven-year-olds' engagement with non-fiction writing. I draw from a year-long ethnographic study (Erickson, 1986) of a US classroom's "writing time", intentionally structured on children's own interests and enquiries. Rather than strict adherence to monolithic models described in the school region's mandated curriculum and assessments, the children treated genres as porous and used writing as a tool for multi-modal play. In authoring and interacting with non-fiction texts, they blended "real" and "imaginary" worlds as they communed with historical figures on their own terms. Children used play to enquire into and manipulate the parameters of non-fiction, authoring their relationships with knowledge in the process. Through their exchanges with one another, children became familiar with non-fiction topics. At the same time, their play positioned conventional academic discourses as being open to transformation. This article makes an argument for a more synergistic conception of "serious" and "playful" authoring practices, and for the role of play as a component of critical literacy. (Contains 5 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Learning Disabilities; State Standards; Educational Opportunities; Evidence; Adolescents; Social Studies; Academic Standards; History; Secondary School Teachers; Secondary School Students; Student Needs; Educational Needs; Teacher Expectations of Students; Teacher Student Relationship; History Instruction; Teaching Methods; Critical Thinking; Thinking Skills; Special Education Teachers

Abstract:
The Common Core State Standards for literacy in history and social studies present opportunities and challenges for teachers of and adolescents with learning disabilities (LD). In addition to reading challenges, students must engage in higher order thinking and reasoning. To provide opportunities for students to successfully respond to such challenges, teachers must have an understanding of the expectations in the Standards, and of the learning needs of students with LD. Teachers can assure success for adolescents with LD by selecting proven instructional procedures and engaging in collaboration to provide students with the supports they need. Examples of one evidence-based practice, Content Enhancement, are provided to illustrate instructional protocols for teachers of diverse classes that include adolescents with LD. (Contains 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Historians; History Instruction; Books; Historical Interpretation; World History; War

Abstract:
Howard Zinn's "A People's History" of the United States has few peers among contemporary historical works. With more than 2 million copies in print, "A People's History" is more than a book. It is a cultural icon. While most historians aim to examine the full historical record, Zinn picks and chooses from it. Writing persuasively, he hides the fact that many of his claims are unsubstantiated, presents his views as the truth, and leaves students with a distorted sense of historical reasoning. (Contains 53 endnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Linguistics; Semantics; Discourse Analysis; Role; Time Perspective; Linguistic Theory; Teaching Methods; History Instruction; Sociology; Secondary Education

Abstract:
Based on the theoretical understandings from Legitimation Code Theory (Maton, 2013) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (Martin, 2013) underpinning the research discussed in this special issue, this paper focuses on classroom pedagogy to illustrate an important strategy for making semantic waves in History teaching, namely "temporal shifting". We begin with a brief contextualisation of how Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) and Systemic Functional Linguistics have been used together to investigate cumulative knowledge-building before outlining how the LCT concepts of "semantic gravity and semantic density" were enacted in linguistic terms for this research in order to understand the linguistic resources marshalled by actors in making semantic waves. The paper then moves on to consider temporality from both linguistic and sociological perspectives and to demonstrate how it is implicated in movements up and down the semantic scale to create semantic waves. (Contains 1 table and 5 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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History; Documentaries; Video Technology; Technology Integration; Researchers; Educational Technology; War; Grade 8; Middle School Students; Urban Schools; Learner Engagement; Creative Activities; Student Projects; Teaching Methods; Critical Thinking; Thinking Skills; Inquiry; History Instruction

Abstract:
Over the last several decades, social studies educators' interest and emphasis on integrating technology into teaching has increased significantly. One promising area of inquiry focuses on the benefits of student-produced digital video. A number of researchers assert that student-produced digital videos provide a variety of benefits, including increases in student motivation and engagement, creative classroom opportunities, and opportunities for more authentic learning experiences. Fewer researchers, however, have explored student learning outcomes from documentary projects. In this article, the authors analyzed a set of student-created digital documentary projects constructed in a standards-based, 8th-grade U.S. history classroom. They holistically examined the level of authentic intellectual work evident in students' projects throughout each stage of the process. The authors found that the students demonstrated a moderate-to-significant degree of authentic intellectual work in creating their own documentary films. (Contains 9 tables and 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Student Attitudes; United States History; Race; Culturally Relevant Education; History Instruction; Ethnicity; Whites; Teacher Attitudes; Learning Experience; Critical Theory; Journal Writing; Teaching Methods; Minority Group Students; High School Students

Abstract:
In this practitioner research study, the author, a White social studies teacher, examined the intersection between his students' race/ethnicity and their experiences learning history. Using critical race theory as a lens, the author employed mixed methods, analyzing teacher journaling, classroom artifacts, and student reflections, as well as survey and interview data from the students of color. The results showed that the teacher's attempt to use culturally relevant pedagogy had a positive impact on his students of color, but his pedagogy could also be improved with a greater inclusion of more ethnic and racial histories and examinations of U.S. history from international perspectives. This study highlights the importance of White teachers listening to the voices of their students of color when planning instruction. (Contains 3 tables and 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Foreign Countries; Jews; Grade 12; Ethnic Groups; Social Cognition; Controversial Issues (Course Content); History Instruction; Evidence; Empathy; Perspective Taking; Group Membership; Self Concept; Identification (Psychology); Bias; Classification

Abstract:
Learners' identity is considered a resource, but is also assumed to conflict with impartial history learning practices. This empirical study explores the relationship between learners' social identity and their historical practices and understanding. Sixty-four Jewish-Israeli 12th-grade students of Mizrahi and Ashkenazi ethnicities studied a historical controversy concerning the relations between the two ethnic groups. Participants' discussions were analyzed to trace the impact of social identity on historical learning and the application of disciplinary practice. Findings attest to the impact of social identity. Participants frequently approached evidence and applied empathy in ways benefitting in-group image. However, social identity and intergroup interaction also motivated elaboration of arguments and disciplinary practices. Implications for engaging diverse students' identities in history teaching are discussed. (Contains 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Critical Thinking; Thinking Skills; Grade 9; History Instruction; Action Research; Teaching Methods; Instructional Effectiveness; Comprehension; Scoring; Scoring Rubrics; Informed Consent; Class Activities

Abstract:
Critical thinking is the focal point missed in many students' educations. Students are taught memorization with little time left for the development of critical thinking skills which allows for a deeper understanding and a richer experience. Learning to ask appropriate questions and deduce information in order to build a deeper connection to the information is imperative. Ninth grade students at the end of history class composed a minute paper in essay format. The students described three different facts, ideas, concepts, or thoughts developed during the lesson and posed one insightful question. The minute paper afforded the students the opportunity to provide insight and reasoning into their comprehension, while cultivating their critical thinking skills. The following are appended: (1) Timeline of Events for the Study; (2) Instructions for Students; (3) Scoring Rubric; (4) The Development of Critical Thinking Study: Letter to Parents; (5) The Development of Critical Thinking Study Conducted at Friendship Christian School: Informed Consent Form; (6) Daily Scoring Rubric; (7) Supplemental Questions; (8) Teacher Weekly Survey; and (9) [Pre-Set List of Words]. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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