Author(s): |
Smith, Elsie J. |
Source: |
Counseling Psychologist, v34 n1 p134-144 2006 |
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Pub Date: |
2006-00-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Opinion Papers; Reports - Descriptive |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Self Efficacy; Counseling Psychology; Counseling Techniques; Counseling Theories; Personality Traits; Individual Characteristics; High Risk Persons; Youth
Abstract:
Sometimes, it is difficult for a profession to move forward because its members interpret emerging conceptual models from the perspective of old frameworks. Each of the five reactants in this issue of "The Counseling Psychologist" interpreted the strength-based counseling model within their own self-adopted framework--Adlerian psychology, role strain theory, optimal development, self-efficacy, or wellness. Only one reactant had the courage to say that although counseling psychology has historically "talked the talk" about building strengths in individuals, it has steadily embraced the medical model. If counseling psychology is to go forward, we will need honest appraisals of what goals we have and have not accomplished. Strength-based counseling represents a paradigm shift in psychology from the deficit medical model to one that stresses clients' strengths. The model will hopefully encourage the profession to act on its espoused commitment to strength development for individuals across the life span.
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Pub Date: |
1989-08-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Reports - Research; Numerical/Quantitative Data |
Peer Reviewed: |
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Descriptors:
Delinquency; Demography; Disadvantaged Youth; Educational Trends; Employment Patterns; Employment Projections; Family Characteristics; Futures (of Society); High Risk Persons; Higher Education; Physical Health; Racial Differences; Statistical Data; Youth; Youth Problems
Abstract:
This document presents a statistics snapshot of young people, aged 15 to 24 years. It provides a broad overview of trends documenting the direction of changes in social behavior and economic circumstances. The projected decline in the total number of youth from 43 million in 1980 to 35 million in 1995 will affect marriage and childbearing patterns, higher education enrollments, armed forces recruiting, the nation's labor pool, and the demand for housing and consumer goods. However, the percentage of minority youth will increase and their comparative disadvantages will have even greater labor market significance. The following highlights are discussed: (1) most youth live at home longer, and one in six lives in a low income household; (2) college enrollment and completion rates have increased for females but are significantly lower for males and Blacks since the 1970s, and poor youth are more likely to drop out of school than are those from more affluent families: (3) the youth unemployment rate averaged about 11 percent in 1989 with Blacks and Hispanics experiencing the highest unemployment; (4) almost half of the youth marry at age 25 years old or older and the number of births to women under 25 is less than half the 1960 rate, but more than half of all births to teenagers are out-of-wedlock; (5) nearly 30 percent of the households maintained by youth have incomes below the poverty level; and (6) most youth enjoy good health and are likely to live longer than any earlier generation, but they engage in potentially health-damaging behaviors and comprise the segment of the population most likely to be involved with crime. Statistical data are included on 12 graphs and 19 tables. A list of the Grant Commission's publications on Youth and America's Future is appended. (FMW)
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Pub Date: |
1989-08-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Speeches/Meeting Papers; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
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Descriptors:
Analysis of Variance; Audience Analysis; Drug Abuse; Drug Addiction; Drug Use; High Risk Persons; Programing (Broadcast); Public Service; Questionnaires; Television Commercials; Television Viewing; Young Adults
Abstract:
A study was conducted to determine how to reach out in an effective manner via televised public service announcements (PSAs) to particular at-risk audiences to motivate participation in drug abuse prevention programs. The subjects (207 young adults in Fayette County, Kentucky) responded to the M. Zuckerman sensation-seeking questionnaire. They also viewed a video of several televised messages and filled out a questionnaire packet consisting of 37-item mood scale, followed by administration of the behavioral intention, attitude, and drug use scales. Analysis of variance showed no significant main effects of sensation seeking, message sensation value, or drug use on the index of behavioral intention. A strong main effect emerged for motivational introduction. The results indicated that careful attention should be paid to the verbal audio characteristics of the introductory portion of televised anti-drug PSAs. The behavioral intention of low sensation seekers was more affected by the low sensation message than by the high sensation PSA. It was also found that high sensation seeking users of illicit drugs displayed by far the strongest behavioral intention to call the hotline advocated in the PSA compared to the appropriate control group. Results provided convincing evidence that two related factors, sensation seeking and message sensation value, can be employed in concert to target televised anti-drug PSAs at young adults who are users of illicit drugs or who are at risk of becoming users. (Four tables and four figures of data are included. Fifty-two references are attached.) (MG)
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Pub Date: |
1989-07-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Guides - Non-Classroom; Speeches/Meeting Papers |
Peer Reviewed: |
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Descriptors:
Administrative Policy; Communicable Diseases; Day Care; Disease Control; Early Childhood Education; Guidelines; Health Materials; High Risk Persons; Infants; Prevention; Resource Materials; Toddlers
Abstract:
Children under 3 years of age who are in group care face special health risks. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control indicate the existence of a causal relationship between infant group day care and certain diseases that are spread through contact at day care centers. Children in group care who are still in diapers are especially vulnerable to hepatitis A, diarrheal diseases, and Hemophilus influenzae type b. Adults who contact these children are also especially susceptible to these diseases. Preventive measures include home care for non-toilet-trained children and scrupulous hand washing when infants are cared for in groups. Infant caregivers need information about precautions and appropriate procedures. Policy recommendations include: (1) improved state and federal regulation; (2) subsidy of infant day care; and (3) increased use and support of home care options. Nearly 50 references are cited. (Author/RH)
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Pub Date: |
1989-07-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Reports - Descriptive; Speeches/Meeting Papers |
Peer Reviewed: |
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Descriptors:
Academic Achievement; Early Intervention; Handicap Identification; High Risk Persons; Infants; Medical Services; Models; Primary Health Care; Screening Tests; Toddlers
Abstract:
This paper describes a model for the involvement of primary health care personnel in the identification and treatment of developmental disabilities as a part of early childhood intervention programs. The integrated multidisciplinary model is divided into four stages. During the first stage an assignment of prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk is made. The second stage consists of rapid screening, including administration of the Denver Developmental Screening Test, the Infant Rapid Screen, or other screening instruments. The third stage consists of referral for a comprehensive interdisciplinary developmental assessment of those children identified as being at risk. Stage four, consisting of assumption of medical responsibility, includes the role of pediatricians or other primary health care providers to provide case management and contribute to solving the multiple problems of these youngsters. The last stage would include follow through and coordination of subspecialty and special medical services, routine medical care, and participation in the comprehensive treatment and remediation plan designed by all the professionals who are involved with the child and family. (RJC)
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