Your search found 1561 results.

Descriptors:
Children; Human Capital; Labor; Family Characteristics; Labor Market; Health Conditions; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Adults; Longitudinal Studies; National Surveys; Salary Wage Differentials; Siblings; Comorbidity; Age Differences; Educational Attainment; Crime; Outcomes of Education; Employment Patterns; Employment Problems; Welfare Recipients; Welfare Services

Abstract:
While several types of mental illness, including substance abuse disorders, have been linked with poor labor market outcomes, no current research has been able to examine the effects of childhood ADHD. As ADHD has become one of the most prevalent childhood mental conditions, it is useful to understand the full set of consequences of the illness. This paper uses a longitudinal national sample, including sibling pairs, to show important labor market outcome consequences of ADHD. The employment reduction is between 10-14 percentage points, the earnings reduction is approximately 33%, and the increase in social assistance is 15 points, which are larger than many estimates of the black-white earnings gap and the gender earnings gap. A small share of the link is explained by education attainments and co-morbid health conditions and behaviors. The results also show important differences in labor market consequences by family background and age of onset. These findings, along with similar research showing that ADHD is linked with poor education outcomes and adult crime, suggest that treating childhood ADHD can substantially increase the acquisition of human capital. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

Related Items: Show Related Items

Full-Text Availability Options:

More Info:
Help | Tutorial Help Finding Full Text |  Publisher's website

Descriptors:
Disabilities; Divorce; Income; At Risk Persons; Correlation; Age Differences; Gender Differences; Incidence; Employment Problems; Employment Level; Educational Attainment; Marital Status

Abstract:
This study measures the longitudinal effect of disability on earnings, marriage, and divorce. The data come from the Survey of Income and Program Participation matched to administrative data on longitudinal earnings. Using event-study methods, the results show that the onset of a work-preventing disability is associated with a precipitous decline in earnings and an increase in divorce. Consistent with theory, the association between disability and divorce is greatest among young and educated males who experience a work-preventing, rather than a work-limiting, disability. (Contains 4 figures, 6 tables, and 12 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

Related Items: Show Related Items

Full-Text Availability Options:

More Info:
Help | Tutorial Help Finding Full Text |  More Info:
Help Find in a Library |  Publisher's website

Descriptors:
Drug Use; Gender Differences; Employment; Marriage; Child Rearing; Employment Problems

Abstract:
This study investigated the impact of drug use on employment over 20 years among men and women, utilizing data on 7661 participants in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Growth mixture modeling was applied, and five distinct employment trajectory groups were identified for both men and women. The identified patterns were largely similar for men and women except that a U-shape employment trajectory was uniquely identified for women. Early-initiation drug users, users of "hard" drugs, and frequent drug users were more likely to demonstrate consistently low levels of employment, and the negative relationship between drug use and employment was more apparent among men than women. Also, positive associations between employment and marriage became more salient for men over time, as did negative associations between employment and childrearing among women. Processes are dynamic and complex, suggesting that throughout the life course, protective factors that reduce the risk of employment problems emerge and change, as do critical periods for maximizing the impact of drug prevention and intervention efforts. (Contains 2 tables and 3 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

Related Items: Show Related Items

Full-Text Availability Options:

More Info:
Help | Tutorial Help Finding Full Text |  More Info:
Help Find in a Library |  Publisher's website

Descriptors:
Barriers; Employment Practices; Employment Problems; Interviews; Retirement Benefits; Retirement; Employment Opportunities; Phenomenology; Work Attitudes; Followup Studies; Preretirement Education

Abstract:
In the first of two rounds of interviews, 12 Social Security Administration (SSA) beneficiaries, all of whom professed a desire to work, discussed their perspectives on barriers to employment. Two years later, 8 of the 12 engaged in a second round of interviews. Only 1 of the 8 participants had succeeded in becoming self-supporting. After a review of the literature concerning the effects of SSA procedures in discouraging beneficiaries from seeking full-time work, the authors tell the stories of these participants and then analyze the findings using a phenomenological framework. They conclude by positing suggestions for how to improve outcomes for SSA beneficiaries in the future. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

Related Items: Show Related Items

Full-Text Availability Options:

More Info:
Help | Tutorial Help Finding Full Text |  More Info:
Help Find in a Library |  Publisher's website

Descriptors:
Vocational Rehabilitation; Measures (Individuals); Employment; Educational Background; Multivariate Analysis; Barriers; Employment Opportunities; Employment Potential; Employment Problems; Racial Differences; African Americans; Whites; Gender Differences; Ethnicity; Predictor Variables; Program Attitudes; Work Attitudes

Abstract:
Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were differences between European and African American vocational rehabilitation consumers' perceptions of the barriers they experience towards obtaining employment. A secondary purpose was to determine whether there were differences in these perceptions based upon gender or educational background. Method: The perceived barriers to employment success of 189 consumers of a state-federal vocational rehabilitation agency were evaluated using the Barriers to Success Inventory (BESI) between 2004-2007. Univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to investigate the effects of three independent variables (gender, ethnicity and educational background) on five dependent variables. The five dependent variables include the BESI Personal and Financial scale, the Emotional and Physical scale, the Career Decision-Making and Planning scale, the Job-Seeking and Knowledge scale, and the Training and Education scale. Results: The results indicate that African American consumers perceived significantly more barriers to obtaining a job or succeeding in employment than their Euro-American counterparts for all five dependent scale variables. Conclusions: African American participants' primary perceived barriers relate to practical matters, such as having sufficient education or training for the type of job sought, childcare, transportation, medical care, housing, and financial resources. (Contains 4 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

Related Items: Show Related Items

Full-Text Availability Options:

More Info:
Help | Tutorial Help Finding Full Text |  Publisher's website

Descriptors:
Higher Education; Social Status; Foreign Countries; Employment Opportunities; Employment Potential; Employment Problems; Education Work Relationship; Educational Benefits; Public Policy; Comparative Education; Cross Cultural Studies; Structural Unemployment; College Graduates; Social Attitudes

Abstract:
University graduates in the Middle East and the United States of America are disillusioned with their higher education degrees. Youth expect to be well employed upon graduation and to improve their social status. Employment has been guaranteed from the earliest university certificates granted in Middle Eastern yeshivas, Houses of Learning, and universities. Their graduates were employed as rabbis, ulemas and judges. Likewise, the earliest universities in the United States were affiliated with religious orders to educate the elite in legal, religious and military knowledge. Although employment was not guaranteed in the United States, it was not difficult to obtain if one had the very prestigious university degree. Today, employment can no longer be guaranteed in the Middle East, initiating years of waiting for university graduates in order to obtain a low-paying but secure position in the military or as a government employee. While the guarantee remains, the governments of Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt can no longer pay the thousands of graduates who lack the skills to enter the private sector marketplace. Only the government will hire them. The social and political mandates of providing education to all youth has overcrowded existing facilities and overwhelmed professors. In the United States, the recession that began in 2008 has exacerbated unemployment or underemployment of recent graduates. Unlike Middle Eastern university students whose education is free through the doctorate, Americans' educational expenses leave them thousands of dollars in debt, which they must begin to repay upon graduation. Universities are beginning to implement reforms to address the disconnect for university graduates between their university education and the marketplace requirements in the United States and throughout the Middle East. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

Related Items: Show Related Items

Full-Text Availability Options:

 ERIC Full Text (229K) |  More Info:
Help Find in a Library |  Publisher's website

Descriptors:
Academic Standards; Values; Multicampus Colleges; Legal Problems; Cultural Awareness; Personnel Selection; Labor Turnover; Cultural Differences; Governance; Educational Planning; College Administration; Partnerships in Education; Employment Problems

Abstract:
Universities have been attracted to the creation of international branch campuses (IBCs) for many reasons, including cultural immersion of students and faculty and global brand recognition for a university seeking to enhance its reputation and strengthen its academic standards. This chapter provides specific advice for how IBCs can negotiate entry into a foreign legal environment and operate support systems that can coordinate the management operations on multiple campuses. The authors discuss some common approaches to successfully opening a university presence abroad, particularly for an endeavor as significant as an IBC. This includes: (1) Understanding the local culture and expectations of the government; (2) Engaging academic and administrative leadership early in the process; (3)Establishing employee hiring and retention practices to address cultural values and differences; and (4) Establishing adequate budgets and timelines. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

Related Items: Show Related Items

Full-Text Availability Options:

More Info:
Help | Tutorial Help Finding Full Text |  More Info:
Help Find in a Library |  Publisher's website

Descriptors:
Collective Bargaining; Employer Employee Relationship; Employment Problems; Grievance Procedures; Labor Legislation; Labor Relations; Negotiation Agreements; Teacher Rights; Unions; State Legislation; Teacher Associations; State Action

Abstract:
Massive protests have been the norm in Wisconsin, since Gov. Scott Walker unveiled a plan to strip many collective bargaining rights from teachers and most other public employees. GOP elected officials are pursuing similar measures in Ohio and other states. But in the DeForest district, like some others around the state, collective bargaining, while often difficult, has produced agreements that generally satisfied both sides. Gov. Walker's plan would upend existing relationships, a number of superintendents and local teachers' union leaders say, and create the potential for more division. It would give district leaders far more power to determine everything from teachers' health-care coverage to school assignments and class sizes--matters that would fall outside the scope of collective bargaining. The furor over the governor's plan has left administrators, as well as teachers and parents, with an unfamiliar and still-evolving challenge: how to work through the upheaval and go about the business of educating students--while trying to hold their school communities together. Officials in the 3,250-student district and members of the teachers' union, an affiliate of the 98,000-member Wisconsin Education Association Council (WEAC) and the National Education Association, use an approach known as consensus bargaining in their contract negotiations. They begin by laying out broad principles and gradually moving into contract specifics. Votes on various provisions are taken by hand, with participants signaling thumbs up, thumbs down, or thumbs sideways. A single thumbs-down was sufficient to nix a provision, so participants work to reach an accord in which all parties have at least a neutral, or sideways, position. Under the governor's plan, health-insurance decisions at the local level would no longer be subject to bargaining, meaning district officials could set health-coverage policy on their own. Gov. Walker argues that requiring teachers to pay for pensions--most chip in nothing now--and restricting collective bargaining on health care and other issues will help districts save more than enough money to offset $834 million in reductions in state aid to schools over the coming two years. A higher number of the DeForest district's 258 teachers than usual have indicated that they plan to retire after this year, citing concerns about either losing or having to pay more for retirement benefits, because of shrinking local budgets and potential reductions created by the governor's proposal. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

Related Items: Show Related Items

Full-Text Availability Options:

More Info:
Help | Tutorial Help Finding Full Text |  More Info:
Help Find in a Library |  Publisher's website

Descriptors:
College Graduates; Employment Patterns; Public Policy; Labor Market; Unemployment; High School Graduates; Labor Economics; Labor Supply; Employment Opportunities; Employment Potential; Employment Problems; Employment Projections; Economic Climate; Economic Factors; Economic Impact; Economic Opportunities; Economic Progress; Young Adults; Youth Opportunities; Youth Problems; Youth Employment; Job Development

Abstract:
The Great Recession left a crater in the labor market that has been devastating for unemployed Americans of all ages. After more than two years of unemployment at well over 8%, there is a hole of more than 11 million jobs, with average spells of unemployment lasting nearly nine months. The weak labor market has been particularly tough on young workers. In 2010, the unemployment rate for workers age 16-24 was 18.4%--the worst on record in the 60 years that this data has been tracked. Though the labor market has started to "slowly" recover, the prospects for young high school and college graduates remain grim. This briefing paper examines the dire labor market confronting young workers and concludes with ways that government policy could help. (Contains 11 figures and 2 endnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

Related Items: Show Related Items

Full-Text Availability Options:

 ERIC Full Text (801K)

Descriptors:
Labor Force; Aging (Individuals); Employment Projections; Expectation; Futures (of Society); Job Applicants; Employer Attitudes; Employer Employee Relationship; Employment Problems; Employment Qualifications; Qualitative Research; Knowledge Management; Human Capital

Abstract:
The graying of the labor force, together with the recession of 2008-2010, has forced employers and prognosticators to take a hard look at workforce preparation, training, and planning. This employer research survey is one component of a larger project that explores the workforce, labor force projections, and employer views on training, preparedness, and recruiting workers. Survey questions were developed after qualitative research with employers. This survey of 1,003 human resource directors was fielded from May through July 2010. Respondents were asked about their company's hiring practices, training, skill needs, and quality of job applicants, both before and since the recession. The author also explored their expectations for the future. Appended are: (1) Survey Methodology; and (2) Annotated Survey. (Contains 24 charts, 1 table and 2 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

Related Items: Show Related Items

Full-Text Availability Options:

More Info:
Help | Tutorial Help Finding Full Text |  Publisher's website