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Descriptors:
Teaching Methods; Human Geography; Foreign Countries; Educational Philosophy; Writing Instruction; Self Concept; Political Influences; Second Language Learning; Second Language Instruction; Language Planning; Educational Trends; Critical Theory; Standards

Abstract:
In this article, the author examines Makiguchi Tsunesaburo's philosophy and practice of human geography ("jinsei chirigaku"), community studies ("kyodoka"), and composition instruction based on "value-creating pedagogy" ("soka kyoikugaku") for thinking through and responding to two competing trends intersecting language, identity, and education in the contemporary United States--the politicized imagining of America and increasingly ineffective critical approaches to second language education. As the politicized imagining and language policies Makiguchi faced in wartime Japan are echoed, though in substantively different form, in the contemporary United States, the author draws on Makiguchi's own words in these areas to think through and suggest ways contemporary educators can "create value" from the two aforementioned trends intersecting language, identity, and education in the United States. (Contains 1 footnote.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Community Education; Foreign Countries; Models; Public Policy; Educational Policy; Policy Formation; Extended School Day; Extended School Year; Administrative Principles; Educational Trends; Trend Analysis; Politics of Education; Change Strategies; Educational Change; Social Theories; Social Values

Abstract:
New Labour's extended schools initiative added to existing models of community schooling. The paper identifies the key principles behind extended schooling, making comparisons with historical models and contemporary trends in community education. Part one examines New Labour's use of extended schools to deliver their social policy agenda. Part two focuses on alternative models of community schooling used in England and Scotland, suggesting alternative solutions to issues of social disadvantage and educational underachievement. Part three examines the European tradition of social pedagogy exploring the potential contributions it brings to educational and welfare practice in England given the new Government's approach to localism and the "Big Society". Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Competition; Foreign Countries; Student Mobility; Foreign Students; Educational Trends; Study Abroad; Higher Education; Trend Analysis

Abstract:
The most striking trend in international student mobility over the past forty years is the increase in the number of globally circulating students, from approximately 250,000 in 1965, up to an estimated 3.7 million at present (OECD 2011: 320, UNESCO 2006: 34). Perhaps as important as the growing numbers of students is the fact that the traditional destination countries for international students--the USA, the UK, Germany, France, and Australia--face increasing competition from countries like the Russian Federation, China, Singapore, and Malaysia. Countries that send large numbers of students abroad are increasingly also becoming recipients of international students, while the growth of education "hubs" in recent years in the Middle East, Asia, and elsewhere is also providing new destination options for mobile students. Overall, the USA and Europe, and English-speaking destinations in general, remain the dominant actors in international student mobility, notwithstanding the increasing competition from the rest of the world. This paper discusses the trends in international student mobility in the USA and Europe and the challenges they face at present and in the near future. (Contains 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Teaching Methods; Curriculum Design; Curriculum Development; Second Language Learning; Second Language Instruction; Foreign Countries; Course Descriptions; Outcomes of Education; Guidelines; Educational Trends; Instructional Design

Abstract:
The development and implementation of language teaching programs can be approached in several different ways, each of which has different implications for curriculum design. Three curriculum approaches are described and compared. Each differs with respect to when issues related to input, process, and outcomes, are addressed. Forward design starts with syllabus planning, moves to methodology, and is followed by assessment of learning outcomes. Resolving issues of syllabus content and sequencing are essential starting points with forward design, which has been the major tradition in language curriculum development. Central design begins with classroom processes and methodology. Issues of syllabus and learning outcomes are not specified in detail in advance and are addressed as the curriculum is implemented. Many of the "innovative methods" of the 1980s and 90s reflect central design. Backward design starts from a specification of learning outcomes and decisions on methodology and syllabus are developed from the learning outcomes. The Common European Framework of Reference is a recent example of backward design. Examples will be given to suggest how the distinction between forward, central and backward design can clarify the nature of issues and trends that have emerged in language teaching in recent years. (Contains 2 tables and 10 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Liberal Arts; Educational Trends; Educational Change; Poetry; Geometry; Mathematical Logic; Validity; Elementary Secondary Education; Special Education; Middle Class; Higher Education

Abstract:
America was made by and for big ideas. Insofar as big ideas have shaped it, it is ever on the verge of hyperbole and dream. Today's big ideas come with an air of celebrity and accessibility; they glitter with glamour but demand little of the Americans. While they have many manifestations, people see them epitomized in TEDTalks. TED (which stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design), a nonprofit that offers two annual conferences of short lectures on innovative ideas, mixes extreme elitism with extreme accessibility. Honoring the liberal arts may sound like a big idea in itself, but it requires modesty, as its meaning comes clear only in the details. Today's worship of sweeping innovations is preventing more modest, thoughtful ideas from being heard. As those who wish to build on the past are assumed to be protecting the status quo, people risk forsaking the works of lasting beauty and practical significance that are part of the liberal arts tradition. (Contains 18 endnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Workplace Learning; Vocational Education; Education Work Relationship; Communities of Practice; Expertise; Competence; Literature Reviews; Holistic Approach; Models; Educational Research; Organizational Development; Work Environment; Teaching Methods; College Instruction; Learning Processes; Educational Trends

Abstract:
The interest in research focusing on learning taking place at work, through work and for work has considerably increased over the past two decades. The purpose of the paper is to review and structure this wide and diverse research field. A tentative holistic model--the 3-P model of workplace learning--is presented, in relation to which the following six lines of research are identified: (1) studies describing the nature of workplace learning, (2) research on work identities and agency in workplace learning, (3) studies on the development of professional expertise, (4) analyses of competence development in education-work contexts in vocational education and training as well as in higher education, (5) research on communities of practice, and (6) research on organisational learning. The research lines and the holistic 3-P model should be seen as analytic tools for understanding the diversity in workplace learning research. They may also serve as a kind of map for individual researchers, helping them to locate their main areas of interest in this broad field of research and to outline research designs for future studies. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Educational Policy; Case Studies; Comparative Education; Educational Research; Cultural Influences; Social Influences; History; Policy Formation; Correlation; Global Approach; International Education; Educational Trends; Trend Analysis; Inclusion

Abstract:
International comparison is complicated by the use of different terms, classification methods, policy frameworks and system structures, not to mention different languages and terminology. Multi-case studies can assist in the understanding of the influence wielded by cultural, social, economic, historical and political forces upon educational decisions, policy construction and changes over time. But case studies alone are not enough. In this paper, we argue for an ecological or scaled approach that travels through macro, meso and micro levels to build "nested" case-studies to allow for more comprehensive analysis of the external and internal factors that shape policy-making and education systems. Such an approach allows for deeper understanding of the relationship between globalizing trends and policy developments. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Lifelong Learning; Sustainable Development; Problem Solving; International Education; International Studies; Performance Factors; Barriers; Educational Philosophy; Global Approach; Change Strategies; Educational Change; Educational Strategies; Educational Policy; Policy Analysis; Public Policy; Educational Trends; Fundamental Concepts; Holistic Approach

Abstract:
This paper begins with an analysis of global problems shaping education, particularly as they impact upon learning and life chances. In addressing these problems a range of philosophical positions and controversies are considered, including: traditional romantic and institutional views of schooling; and more recent maximalist, neo-liberal, emancipatory and post-modern-perspectives of lifelong learning. In this paper we argue that these do not represent "the last word" on the provision of learning and the enhancement of life chances and instead we put forward an alternative view based upon the notion of adopting an inclusive problem-solving approach, which we believe may be better suited to offering solutions to the various global problems that have been identified or that are still emerging. We believe that such an approach addresses and expands the individual, social, economic and political features of education and conduces to the improvement and expansion of learning and life chances. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Mathematics; Course Selection (Students); Gender Differences; Ethnic Diversity; STEM Education; Longitudinal Studies; Racial Differences; Advanced Courses; Performance Factors; Academic Achievement; High School Students; Majors (Students); Achievement Gap; Predictor Variables; Academic Records; Data Analysis; Statistical Analysis; Educational Trends; School Effectiveness; Institutional Characteristics; Achievement Need; Individual Differences

Abstract:
In 2004, the pattern in academic pathways for high school students in the USA showed that students were completing more demanding mathematics courses. Despite the upward pattern in advanced-level mathematics course-taking, disparities among racial/ethnic groups persisted between 1982 and 2004. Using data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS: 2002; Ingels et al., 2007), the current study sought to advance understanding of gender and ethnic differences in advanced mathematics course-taking. Furthermore, this study examined how the differences are related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) pathways in college. Results showed that the relationships between exploratory factors (both individual- and school-level factors) and advanced mathematics course-taking and STEM choices differed across ethnicity and gender. This highlights the need for further research that disaggregates data by both ethnicity and gender. (Contains 3 tables and 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
School Choice; Research Needs; Tuition; Educational Legislation; Outcomes of Education; Economics; Educational Vouchers; Prediction; Educational Trends; Educational Finance; State Legislation

Abstract:
Legislators considering large scale school choice proposals want information on more than likely schooling outcomes. They look to their fiscal bureaus and economic studies to provide that information. The fiscal notes that must accompany all proposals with revenue or expenditure implications are especially important. Often, fiscal notes must be produced on short notice. The article assesses the fiscal notes that have accompanied the major U.S. charter law and tuition voucher proposals, and to highlight key issues and research needs it assesses fiscal and economic impacts of the proposed Texas (2011-HB 33) tuition voucher program. We assess fiscal notes in terms of research basis for predictions, predicted level of participation (# of choosers), and predicted basis for fiscal impacts, including time trend of effects. Finally, we propose how the fiscal notes might be improved; not just what legislative analysts should do, but also what could be done to make doing a better job easier. (Contains 6 tables and 10 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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