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Descriptors:
Outcomes of Education; Young Children; Brain; Educational Objectives; Educational Experience; Early Childhood Education; Child Care; Educational Quality; Violence; Child Abuse

Abstract:
The current paper highlights the few studies that examine the role of early care and education on the developmental and early academic outcomes of children who experience maltreatment. First, we argue that children who experience maltreatment are at significant risk for poor developmental outcomes as a result of the chronic exposure to stress that is typical of this population. Recent evidence emphasizing the effects of stress on brain development is discussed. Next, the role of quality early care and education (ECE) experiences for children receiving services from child protective agencies are explored, underscoring three particular studies that examine the early educational experiences of children who receive child protective services as a result of maltreatment or exposure to violence. Finally, we focus on current approaches to improve the outcomes of children who experience maltreatment, within the context of ECE, and the implications for future research. Overall, this review serves as a call for international research efforts to explore the role of ECE on the developmental and early educational outcomes of this vulnerable population of children. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Academic Achievement; Student Attitudes; Classroom Environment; Second Language Learning; English Language Learners; Nursing Education; Community Colleges; College Students; Interviews; Phenomenology; Guidelines; Urban Areas; Power Structure; Qualitative Research; Inclusion; Educational Experience

Abstract:
This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of students as English language learners in the nursing classroom. Employing interpretive phenomenological methodology, participants at an urban community college in the Northeast engaged in open-ended interviews that yielded new understandings of everyday concerns that impacted their academic success. Four themes emerged and included the ways students made adjustments, overcame doubts, demonstrated determination, and co-created community in the college classroom. A critical theoretical framework applied during data analysis revealed student perceptions and experiences in the classroom environment as uneven and unequal. Students shared that some faculty fostered student learning while others did not. Traditional and monocultural practices, representing acts of power and dominance, thwarted learning and possibly contributed to lack of academic progress. Despite these challenges, participants also articulated examples of gains in learning. This study concludes with recommendations for faculty, administrators, students, and researchers for creating inclusive classrooms. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Context Effect; Jews; Anthropological Linguistics; Sociolinguistics; Ideology; Biblical Literature; Cues; Judaism; Guidelines; Educational Experience; Teaching Methods

Abstract:
This paper explores the interactions surrounding Bible teaching as a means of understanding how Jewish youth are discursively implicated within ideologies of community. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from linguistic anthropology and interactional sociolinguistics, I present a micro-analysis of a classroom lesson on the book of Leviticus to analyze how the social construct of communal identification is discursively and linguistically constructed through the teacher's use of deictic expressions, reported speech, and other rhetorical and lexical features. These contextual cues work to conflate the spatiotemporal boundaries between antiquity and the present-day classroom context, and mesh the experiences of the students with those of the ancient Israelites. (Contains 9 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Academic Achievement; Child Abuse; Grade Point Average; Behavior Problems; Crime; Path Analysis; Graduation; Young Adults; Educational Experience; Role; Attendance; Law Enforcement; Multivariate Analysis; Academic Aspiration; Gender Differences; Race; Ethnicity; Poverty; Antisocial Behavior; Urban Youth; Interviews; Resilience (Psychology)

Abstract:
This study investigates whether positive educational experiences in midadolescence mitigate the impact of exposure to substantiated maltreatment and reduces young adult antisocial behavior. While there is theoretical and empirical support for the mediating or moderating role of educational experiences on maltreatment and antisocial outcomes, few prospective studies exist. In this exploratory study, data are from the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS), a longitudinal panel study of 1,000 adolescents. The original sample included 73% males, and 85% African American or Hispanic youth of whom about 20% were maltreated. Measures in this study are from a combination of interview data and official records collected through age 23. Outcomes include self-reported crime and violence, arrest, and partner violence perpetration. Educational variables include midadolescent self-report of high school graduation, educational aspiration, college expectation, school commitment, teacher attachment, self-reported grades, school GPA, attendance, and an additive index of all school assets. Multivariate path analysis controlled for gender, race/ethnicity, poverty, and early antisocial behavior. Path analysis examined whether educational experiences mediated the impact of maltreatment on antisocial outcomes. Although maltreatment was significantly predictive of criminal and violent behaviors, it only was weakly associated with educational experiences. The impact of maltreatment on arrest was weakly mediated (reduced) by educational GPA and by high school graduation. The additive index also mediated the impact of maltreatment on crime and violence. Maltreatment's impact on partner violence was also weakly mediated by school GPA. Interaction terms were used to test for moderation: only one significant effect was found: school GPA protects maltreated youth from perpetration of partner violence as young adults. Although there are few significant effects in a number of models, the research is consistent with a focus on promoting school achievement and completion among urban youth in general, in conjunction with addressing earlier antisocial behavior problems. (Contains 2 tables, 4 figures, and 8 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Experiential Learning; Educational Research; Grounded Theory; Interviews; Learning Processes; Learning Theories; Group Dynamics; Group Behavior; Social Psychology; Doctoral Programs; Educational Experience; Social Structure; Power Structure; Educational Practices

Abstract:
This paper presents the proposition that a variety of differing hierarchies exist in an action learning set at any one time, and each hierarchy has the potential to affect an individual's behaviour within the set. An interpretivist philosophy underpins the research framework adopted in this paper. Data were captured by means of 11 in-depth interviews that formed part of wider research into set members' perceptions of what makes an effective action learning set. The interviewees were all former students of the researcher and her colleagues. The research draws upon grounded theory as a dominant research paradigm and uses thematic analysis to interpret the research findings. The findings of the research serve to simply illustrate that there is the potential for a variety of differing hierarchies to exist in an action learning set at any one time. Some of the hierarchies may exist for the full duration of the set; others are somewhat ephemeral. The findings from this research also present themselves as points of consideration for academics and practitioners who have used or are about to use action learning as a learning vehicle. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Student Attitudes; Vocational Education; Minority Groups; Minority Group Students; Dropout Rate; Educational Attitudes; Educational Experience; School Orientation; Foreign Countries; Regression (Statistics); Ethnic Groups; Prior Learning; Role

Abstract:
In this study, we examine students' educational attitudes upon the transition to Dutch senior vocational education (SVE), a transition associated with high dropout rates in the first year. Prior studies have identified differences in educational attitudes between sociodemographic groups. However, the mechanisms underlying those differences remain topic of debate: some studies point at differences in the school orientation and support in students' social communities outside school, others focus on differences in educational experiences between sociodemographic groups. Multilevel sequential regression analyses on a diverse sample of 1438 students in urban SVE schools reveal that students have very positive educational attitudes upon their transition to SVE. Ethnic minority students express particularly positive attitudes. School-related encouragement and support at home plays an important role in students' attitudes, but the attitudes of students from lower educated or ethnic minority communities are less related to this support. Prior school experiences play an essential, but occasionally counterproductive, role in students' attitudes upon transition, depicting the transition as a fresh new start for some, and an unwelcome threshold for others. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Outdoor Education; Recreational Activities; Educational Experience; Nonfiction; Story Telling; Creative Writing; Interdisciplinary Approach; Graduate Students; Water

Abstract:
This paper focuses on an educational encounter between staff, students and the River Spey, Scotland in September 2009. The themes of water and embodied and culturally constructed ways of knowing the river were used to inform a creative non-fiction narrative that was drafted during and shortly after the journey, and was later refined. Textual descriptions of both significant and seemingly mundane aspects of the experience were built up through observation, discussion and reflection upon actual events as the authors "sought a solution" to writing a narrative-based representation of the experience. This process endeavours to represent an "insider's" view of the experience through descriptions that strive to portray the "meaning, structure and essence of the lived experience[s]" for a particular group of people at a particular moment in time. We propose that this kind of storytelling has the potential to represent important elements of outdoor educational experiences and the places where they occur that would be difficult to relay in other forms of research writing. The paper is presented in three parts: setting the scene; the textual representation of the Spey descent programme; and participants' evaluations and summary. (Contains 9 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Preservice Teacher Education; Teacher Education Programs; Information Systems; Phenomenology; Course Content; Preservice Teachers; Educational Experience; Learning Experience; Virtual Classrooms; Interviews; Student Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Placement; Field Experience Programs; Supervisor Supervisee Relationship; Delivery Systems; Technological Literacy; Expectation; Distance Education; Educational Technology

Abstract:
Situated in the theoretical perspective of phenomenology, the purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of three preservice teachers who voluntarily participated in a field placement in a virtual school in the southeastern United States. The preservice teachers were paired with online teachers for four weeks. Their experiences were documented via four phenomenological interviews. Using phenomenological analysis, the interview data were analyzed, resulting in the essence of the virtual school field placement. The essence of the virtual school field placement was made up of six shared horizons, consisting of (1) communication with supervising teacher, (2) information systems at the virtual school, (3) modification of course content, (4) exposure to new technologies, (5) balancing act, and (6) unmet expectations. The results have implications for preservice teachers, teacher education programs, virtual schools, education policymakers, and teacher certification organizations. Suggestions for future research are provided. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Females; Educational Administration; Expertise; Educational Experience; Scholarship; Gender Differences; Women Faculty; Networks; Communities of Practice; Educational History; Foreign Countries; International Education; Gender Issues; Teaching (Occupation)

Abstract:
An examination of recent gender scholarship demonstrates how a gendered lens has contributed to the debates on society, the state and education. Using local and international examples mostly from about 1880 to 1930, this paper will investigate how gendered perceptions coloured the provision of education, what we mean by "the state" and how much and what type of education it and other bodies have provided for females in different contexts. Following this, it will examine the growth of women in teaching, the challenges and limitations which beset them, the opportunities that were opened up to them and how far they and other women achieved authority and/or expertise in education in schools, colleges, educational administration and management, or as leaders and thinkers. This will illustrate the gendered thinking underlying much state education, but also show women as agents, building up networks and communities of women involved in education in multifarious ways, including transnational education. At the same time it can be seen that this has often belied imperialistic imperatives and ethnic condescension. Moving between local examples from Birmingham and Britain and international examples principally from English-speaking scholarship, the importance of gender history is argued because it reveals educational experiences and tiers of educational initiatives, practice and administration often neglected yet significant in education, while at the same time raising new questions. It does not just bring females into history, but understands history in a different and deeper way. (Contains 102 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Dropouts; Rural Areas; Foreign Countries; Self Concept; Conflict; Gender Differences; Age Differences; Access to Education; Power Structure; Personal Narratives; Educational Experience; Research Methodology; Statistical Analysis; Intervention

Abstract:
This paper explores geographies of identity of Ghanaian school dropouts. In particular, we investigate how school dropouts in rural communities construct narratives of identity within and outside school. In our analysis we trace how space, power and identity intersect in accounts of dropping out. Focusing on the narratives of four school "dropouts", we start with their accounts of life outside school where they have significant social responsibilities as parents, carers and/or wage-earners. We contrast this with their accounts of their experiences as students in school. After exploring their efforts to gain and sustain access to school, we turn to their accounts of life in school and the ways they navigate the institutional gender and age regimes. These narratives highlight how being "over-age" intersects with polarised student gender identities in a range of variable ways that discourage staying in school. The analysis indicates that the social positioning and identities of drop outs within school spaces were in tension with those they occupied in their homes and communities. More specifically, we suggest that the difficulties in navigating power and identity in these different spatial geographies are critical to understanding the processes of dropping out. In addition, we reflect on the methodological implications of this research which demonstrates the limits of quantitative data on dropout and associated problems with homogenised, deficit accounts of dropout often articulated in dominant development discourses. In turn this has important implications for how we might construct interventions to address dropout and the right to education for all. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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