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Descriptors:
Academic Aspiration; Access to Computers; Community Development; Community Needs; Community Relations; Educational Attainment; Educational Economics; Entrepreneurship; Family Influence; Human Capital; Internet; Leadership Training; Rural Areas; Rural Development

Abstract:
Although the economic expansion of the 1990s was felt even in small towns and rural areas, events in recent months point out that the economic health of rural America remains fragile. Rural manufacturing has suffered sizable employment declines in recent months and only modest expansion has occurred in the service sector--the lifeblood of rural job growth over the past decade. Wages in both sectors for the remaining jobs are less than in urban areas. Four strategies for strengthening the viability of rural America are offered. Community human capital resources can be enhanced by helping parents foster a home environment in which educational aspirations are developed, creating positive teacher-student and teacher-parent relationships in schools, and building youth-supportive communities that give youth a voice in community decisions and opportunities to experience positive role models outside of school. Entrepreneurial activities in communities can be spurred by providing access to quality workers, embracing and nurturing entrepreneurs, enacting public policies that support entrepreneurial development, and making entrepreneurship an explicit economic development strategy. The digital capacity of rural communities must be built through focused investments in rural telecommunications infrastructure. Civic engagement in rural communities can be expanded by involving all segments of the community in guiding its future, providing opportunities for new and expanded leadership development, sharing leadership responsibilities, and supporting the establishment of local-oriented small and entrepreneurial businesses. (Contains 22 references.) (TD) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Access to Education; Democratic Values; Educational Change; Educational Economics; Educational Policy; Educational Quality; Elementary Secondary Education; Equal Education; Foreign Countries; Governance; Human Capital; Policy Analysis; Retrenchment; Teacher Student Ratio

Abstract:
South African development and education policy documents were analyzed to examine postapartheid government goals concerning educational equality and social justice. Documents concerning equity of educational access, quality, outcomes, and governance reveal a shift from a populist social-democratic orientation to a conservative neoliberal position, reflecting global developmental ideologies. With the market's growing importance, the democratic ideal and the strong interventionist state have receded. (SV) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Accountability; Community Colleges; Educational Cooperation; Educational Economics; Educational Policy; Institutional Mission; Outcomes of Education; Program Effectiveness; Two Year Colleges

Abstract:
Discusses the Roundtable on Higher Education, which brought together stakeholders of the North Dakota University System (NDUS) to establish a common vision, a clear set of expectations, and the results for which the system would be held accountable. Reports that the Roundtable reached a level of accomplishment beyond any expectations, and that the project's success will help sustain a high level of commitment. (AUTH/NB) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Academic Achievement; Educational Economics; Expenditures; Outcomes of Education; School Effectiveness

Abstract:
Explores both putative and potential relationships between school funding and educational outcomes, for which numerous indices and variables have been examined during the past two decades. Concludes that despite large increases in real dollars, there is no readily discernable link between inputs and outputs, although when statistical control is exerted, certain causal inferences appear warranted. (GCP) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Educational Change; Educational Economics; Educational Vouchers; Privatization; School Choice; Social Work

Abstract:
From a social work perspective, reviews the basic premises and values underlying the movement to privatize education through the use of voucher systems. Argues that publicly funded vouchers are not consistent with the aims of quality and equity and may have the unintended consequences of hindering the quest for education reform. (Contains 50 references.) (GCP)

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College Administration; College Planning; Educational Economics; Educational Improvement; Higher Education; Information Technology; Institutional Mission; Investment; Strategic Planning; Technology Integration

Abstract:
Describes how, by focusing information technology (IT) resources on strategic goals, a growing number of higher education organizations and their leaders are creating new educational wealth and, in the process, increasing their return on investment. (EV)

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Educational Economics; Graduation Requirements; High School Equivalency Programs; High School Graduates; High Stakes Tests

Abstract:
Asserts that high school graduation rates have fallen since 1969, but decline is masked by increase in General Educational Development (GED) certificates. Provides two explanations for fallen graduation rates and the degree ratio: States have made it easier for students to obtain GED certificates; some students are unable to pass state-mandated, high-stakes exit exams for high school diplomas. (PKP) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Developing Nations; Economic Development; Educational Economics; Educational Quality; Elementary Secondary Education; Human Capital; Income; Wages

Abstract:
States that despite spending massive amounts of money to expand their educational systems, poor countries have witnessed a 4-decade decline in their medium economic growth rates from 3 percent in the 1960s to zero percent in the 1990s. Offers several reasons for the decline, such as variations in the quality of education and low labor productivity. (PKP)

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Educational Economics; Educational Quality; Elementary Secondary Education; Higher Education; Human Capital

Abstract:
Argues that human capital formation is the key to economic growth, that U.S. students are falling behind the rest of the World in math and science achievement because of the decline in the quality of their schooling, and that without better schools, other factors such as a quality higher education system may not sustain future U.S. economic growth. (PKP)

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Descriptors:
Economic Development; Economic Research; Educational Economics; Elementary Secondary Education; Human Capital; Postsecondary Education

Abstract:
Overview of research on human capital, including the concept, history of studies, education as a form of human capital, issues and caveats, and role in growth theory. Concludes with current focus on human capital research. (Contains 56 references.) (Author/PKP)

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