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Descriptors:
Reputation; Institutional Characteristics; Periodicals; Educational Quality; Teacher Attitudes; College Applicants; College Choice; College Faculty; Foreign Countries; Economics

Abstract:
This paper estimates the effect that the league table published in the Sunday Times University Guide has on perceptions of the quality of universities by head teachers and academics, and on Home, EU and Overseas student applications, using data from 2005 to 2009 and a System GMM model for dynamic panel data. Our main result is that university rankings influence the perceptions of head teachers and academics, but have no statistically significant impact on student applications. There is evidence of persistence in perceptions and applications, suggesting the importance of reputational factors. Perceptions of head teachers and academics of pre-92 and post-92 universities are influenced by different criteria. (Contains 7 tables and 9 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Information Sources; Stakeholders; Statistical Analysis; Foreign Countries; Internet; Printed Materials; Marketing; Information Systems; Researchers; Role Models; Agricultural Production; Identification; Questionnaires; Incentives; Economics; Workshops; Agricultural Occupations

Abstract:
Purpose: To identify and review production and marketing information sources and flows for smallholder cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) growers in Tanzania and recommend systems improvements for better technology uptake. Design/methodology/approach: Two-stage purposive samples were drawn. First, two districts in the main cashew producing areas, one with significant research investment and good marketing infrastructure and the other a counterfactual. Second, two villages were purposively selected from each district to provide the maximum contrast of variables pertinent to the study. Field data were collected using a semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire complimented by field verification and a wrap-up stakeholders' workshop. The data were analysed using chi-square test and the orderly probit model. Findings: Sources of information and flows varied between districts and villages. For production, the most reliable sources were role model farmers (RMFs), extensionists, radio, on-farm demonstrations, researchers, cashew development centres (CDCs), print media and mobile phones in order of popularity. RMFs, radio programmes, extensionists, interactions with researchers, CDCs and print were the main pathways. For marketing, primary society notice boards, radio announcements, RMFs, extensionists, mobile phones and print were listed in order of popularity. Print media was the least popular due to a low level of literacy among growers. RMFs were popular actors in the information systems irrespective of social-economic background. Practical implications: Policy change and additional resources are required for improvement of existing information systems. Additionally, incentive structures that will enhance and sustain continued investment in cashew production should be emphasized. Originality and value: This is the first attempt in the Tanzanian cashew sector to analyse and link social economics of growers with information sources, communication channels and technology uptake. (Contains 7 figures, 4 tables and 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
School Choice; Research Needs; Tuition; Educational Legislation; Outcomes of Education; Economics; Educational Vouchers; Prediction; Educational Trends; Educational Finance; State Legislation

Abstract:
Legislators considering large scale school choice proposals want information on more than likely schooling outcomes. They look to their fiscal bureaus and economic studies to provide that information. The fiscal notes that must accompany all proposals with revenue or expenditure implications are especially important. Often, fiscal notes must be produced on short notice. The article assesses the fiscal notes that have accompanied the major U.S. charter law and tuition voucher proposals, and to highlight key issues and research needs it assesses fiscal and economic impacts of the proposed Texas (2011-HB 33) tuition voucher program. We assess fiscal notes in terms of research basis for predictions, predicted level of participation (# of choosers), and predicted basis for fiscal impacts, including time trend of effects. Finally, we propose how the fiscal notes might be improved; not just what legislative analysts should do, but also what could be done to make doing a better job easier. (Contains 6 tables and 10 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Organizational Theories; Intellectual Disciplines; Economics; Business; Politics; Cultural Context; Community Role; Social Change; Sociology; Business Administration Education

Abstract:
This investigation will discuss the emergence of an economistical perspective among the dominant approaches of organization theory in the United States since the inception of "organization studies" as an academic discipline. It maintains that Contingency theory, Resource Dependency theory, Population Ecology theory, and Transaction Cost theory analyze predominantly for-profit organizations within the context of the current economic environment. It further holds that the political and cultural environments, as well as the role of communities, are widely neglected by the economistical perspective. The New Institutionalism departs from this line of thinking and offers an implicit critique. With this focus, this article addresses a sociology of knowledge theme and aims to account for this theoretical limitation by drawing on social developments in the American economy, in American politics, and in the academy. Finally, this study argues that the economization of organization studies is strongly supported by the increasing proliferation of American business schools. Here the science of organization studies has found its new institutional home. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Vocational Education; Foreign Countries; Labor Market; Small Businesses; Economics; Training; Public Policy; Population Distribution; Employment; Corporate Education; Educational Legislation; Federal Legislation; Government Role; Unions; Educational Development; Federal Regulation; Partnerships in Education; Adult Education

Abstract:
This briefing examines training and development (T&D) in Quebec, one of 10 provinces and three territories that make up Canada. Quebec has three distinguishing characteristics that encourage analysis of its T&D separately from that of Canada as a whole. First, it is the only North American region with a majority francophone population. Second, government regulation of the labour market is the most extensive in North America. Third, the percentage of workers who are unionized is the highest in North America. The authors first outline the background of T&D in Quebec, mainly by describing the evolution of the education system. Second, they explore the legislation which makes compulsory the investment in T&D for organizations that have a payroll exceeding 1 million Canadian dollars (CAD). The briefing highlights the fact that the legislation and concerted action between the social partners are the main determinants of T&D practices in Quebec. Given the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Quebec economy, the authors then present an overview of training practices in SMEs. Despite increased participation and investment in T&D, it is still limited in SMEs and this remains a challenge for Quebec. (Contains 8 tables and 2 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Higher Education; Foreign Countries; Economic Progress; Educational Objectives; Training; Public Policy; Vocational Education; Labor Needs; Elementary Secondary Education; Population Distribution; Economics; Employment; Educational Policy; Educational Finance; Expenditures; Corporate Education; Graduate Study; Universities

Abstract:
Peru is in the central, western part of South America. It is the third largest country in South America and number 20 in the world. It is the country with the fourth highest population in South America. In 2010, the gross domestic product (GDP) of Peru was 154 billion USD, and its rate of growth was 8.8% (higher than the average for the region for the last 5 years). 56.8% of employed population was in the tertiary sector, 26.7% in the primary and mining sector and only 16.5% worked in manufacturing and construction. These figures are quite stable for the last years with a slight decrease in the primary sector (in 2006, it employed 32.9% of total employees), which went to the secondary sector (it was 14.2% in 2006) and the service sector (52.9% that year). In the period considered, employment has increased significantly in Peru due to economic growth. However, it is important to note that the rate of informality in the economy remains very high, with figures above 60%. The informal sector creates many "bad" jobs, without social insurance and other benefits normally provided by the formal sector. In this paper, the authors first describe the training and development policies; secondly, the higher and non-higher educational systems; finally, they display some statistics related to educational expenditure as well as Peru's strategic educational objectives. (Contains 6 tables, 4 figures and 2 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Anthropology; Rural Areas; Developing Nations; Child Labor; Urban Areas; Cultural Influences; Children; Sociology; Economics; Gender Differences; Family Environment; Social Indicators; Economic Factors; Sociocultural Patterns; Socioeconomic Influences; Sociometric Techniques; Comparative Analysis; Predictor Variables; Statistical Analysis; Cross Cultural Studies; Rural Urban Differences; Family Structure; Social Structure

Abstract:
We develop a new theoretical framework that explains the engagement in child labor of children in developing countries. This framework distinguishes three levels (household, district and nation) and three groups of explanatory variables: Resources, Structure and Culture. Each of the three groups refers to another strand of the literature; economics, sociology and anthropology. The framework is tested by applying multilevel analysis on data for 239,120 children living in 221 districts of 18 developing countries. This approach allows us to simultaneously investigate effects of household and context factors. At the household level, we find that resources and structural characteristics influence child labor, whereas cultural characteristics have no effect. With regard to context factors, we find that children work more in rural areas, especially if there are more unskilled manual jobs, and in more traditional urban areas. In more developed regions, girls tend to work significantly less. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
On the Job Training; Educational Research; Human Capital; Economic Research; Transfer of Training; Productivity; Economics; Interdisciplinary Approach

Abstract:
Although the transfer of on-the-job training to the workplace belongs to the realm of educational research, it is also highly related to labour economics. In the economic literature, the transfer of training is based on the theoretical framework of human capital theory and has been extensively analysed empirically in econometric studies that take account of unobserved heterogeneity of workers and the selectivity in training participation. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the underlying theoretical paradigm in economics, and the challenges faced in empirical research. The economic literature finds that participation in training is beneficial for both the participating workers and their employers, although there is also evidence that selectivity of workers matters. Despite this progress in the economic literature, the underlying processes through which training leads to a higher productivity remain unclear. We argue that this "black box" offers opportunities for multi-disciplinary research projects on the transfer of training that relate the perspectives of educational and economic research. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Economics; Socialization; Money Management; Fiscal Capacity; Young Adults; Adolescents; Parent Influence; Educational Background; Economically Disadvantaged

Abstract:
We analyze the role economic socialization plays in the economic behavior and asset accumulation of young adults by parents using data from European young adults and teenagers. We study the role of four distinct strands of economic socialization (providing pocket money, jobs at home, work for others, and parental encouragement) using a Dutch sample of young adults (age 18-32, n = 392). Results show positive links between parental encouragement and ability to control spending, saving preferences, future orientation, conscientiousness, and saving. A sample of teenagers (age 14-15, n = 548) and their parents (256 mothers, 227 fathers) is drawn for a Norwegian study of economic socialization. Analyses reveal a small difference in the socialization of adolescents from poorer and less educated backgrounds: they are less likely to receive pocket money and to have part-time work but are more likely to have piggy banks and savings accounts at a younger age. Variations in the economic socialization by parents highlight the importance of financial education in schools. (Contains 9 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Money Management; Fiscal Capacity; Children; Adolescents; Skill Development; Behavior; Economics; Socialization; Adults; Family Environment; Child Development; Adolescent Development; Developmental Psychology

Abstract:
This paper addresses variables related to child and adolescent saving and explains the development of skills and behaviors that facilitate saving from an economic socialization perspective. References are made to the differences between the economic world of children, adolescents, and adults as well as to existing theories of saving. Children's and adolescents' ability and willingness to save are looked at, taking into account the social context of the family and general child and adolescent development. The paper concludes with directions for future research in this area. (Contains 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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