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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Labor Market; Study Abroad; Educational Cooperation; Education Work Relationship; Developing Nations; Developed Nations; Outcomes of Education; College Graduates; Graduate Surveys; International Education

Abstract:
This paper examines the labor market outcomes of two different forms of cross-border higher education degree programs (i.e., study abroad vs. twinning) between Malaysia and Japan. Based on a new graduate survey, it examines whether there are differences in the labor market outcomes between the two programs and what other factors have significant effects on the labor market outcomes. We observed no significant differences in the labor market outcomes between the two programs. Instead, the degree fields, internship, and university rankings are significant for the first employment. For current work, post-graduation qualifications and skills such as English become important. (Contains 7 tables and 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Learning Motivation; Elective Courses; Developed Nations; Curriculum Development; Foreign Countries; Geography Instruction; Geographic Information Systems; Underachievement; Student Motivation; Instructional Effectiveness; Evaluation Methods; Secondary School Students

Abstract:
In 1988, the integrated secondary school curriculum was introduced as a continuation of the curriculum changes introduced in the primary school. These changes have impacted geography subject in the secondary school. Geography becomes a compulsory subject for lower secondary and elective subject at the upper secondary school level. As a result, fewer schools in Malaysia offer geography at this level. Consequently, students in upper secondary school level are shying away from studying geography and the percentage of students who pass the exam is declining each year. Unlike Malaysia, geography is getting more attention in developed countries and has become a key subject at both the primary and secondary levels. As a result, GIS (geography information system) was widely accepted and implemented in the secondary school geography curriculum. Numerous scholars have reported that the use of GIS as a teaching tool has had a positive impact on students' engagement and motivation to learn geography. However, GIS has not yet been introduced to secondary school geography in Malaysia with reason of ability, lack of substantive research into the capacity of GIS to support and motivate students to learn geography. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of GIS promoting students' motivation, engagement, and achievement in geography. This article presents a conceptual model based on an extensive review of literature in a related area for assessing the impact of GIS on the motivation and achievement. (Contains 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Economic Progress; Females; Educational Attainment; Gender Differences; International Organizations; Developed Nations; Regional Characteristics; Disproportionate Representation; Disadvantaged; Physical Health; Employment; Social Indicators; Measurement; Sociometric Techniques; Evaluation Methods; Research Problems; Evaluation Problems

Abstract:
This study critically investigates the suitability of United Nations' composite indices and other related measures--among which the Gender Inequality Index just released in 2010--to capture gender inequalities in the context of "highly developed" countries, focusing on the case of Europe. Our results indicate that many of the gender gaps in health and education variables have either vanished or even reversed, thus questioning their appropriateness to capture women's disadvantage in Europe and inviting to construct region-specific measures. Alternatively, parliamentary representation and labor force participation are variables with large gender gaps that highlight important dimensions where women disadvantage prevails. Different cross-section and cross-time associations between economic growth and gender equality are generally not statistically significant--or at most weakly correlated--at European level. This is basically due to the fact that the gender gaps included in UNDP gender-related indices reached their normatively desirable values long ago, therefore leaving no room for further improvement. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Income; Social Capital; Well Being; Developed Nations; Cultural Pluralism; Social Indicators; Measurement; Sociometric Techniques; Economic Factors; Social Influences; Social Environment; Socioeconomic Influences; Measures (Individuals); Predictor Variables

Abstract:
The theoretical analysis of the concepts of social capital and of social cohesion shows that social capital should be considered as a micro concept whereas social cohesion, being a broader concept than social capital, is a more appropriate concept for macro analysis. Therefore, we suggest that data on the individual level should only be used to analyze the relationship between social capital, social cohesion indicators and subjective well-being and that they do not allow commenting on the level of social cohesion in a society. For this last type of analyses aggregated indicators of social cohesion have to be computed which is not the issue of this paper. Our empirical analysis is based on individual data for Luxembourg in 2008. In general, our results suggest that investments in social capital generate monetary returns (increased income) and psychic returns (increased subjective well-being) even in a highly developed and multicultural country like Luxembourg. When we are adding on the micro level variables representing the economic domain of social cohesion following Bernard (1999), then we observe that this domain also has an effect on income and on subjective well-being. Therefore, we recommend including the economic domain in any future analysis using the concept of social cohesion. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Developed Nations; Developing Nations; Telecommunications; Population Distribution; Innovation; Research and Development; Information Technology; History; Social Indicators

Abstract:
The well-known s-shaped diffusion of technology curve generally works well in developed countries. But how does it perform in the very different context of developing countries? Across a wide range of new technologies imported from the developed countries it works poorly. In most cases the penetration rate fails to reach 25% of the population. The reason for this as I see it has to do with the concentration of innovations in the rich countries and the devotion of R&D to rich rather than poor country problems. I redrew the s-shaped curve to reflect these facts. At the other extreme, however, are technologies such as the mobile phone, which have reached a penetration rate in some developing countries that is higher than in certain developed countries. The underlying reason for this unusual experience is thought to be leapfrogging, the conditions for which are especially favourable in the case of mobile phones. Therefore there is a need to redraw the curve that explains the diffusion of most new technologies in developing countries. (Contains 5 tables, 3 figures, and 3 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Well Being; Economically Disadvantaged; Evidence; Foreign Policy; Economic Development; Developing Nations; Developed Nations; Social Indicators; Measurement; Sociometric Techniques; Socioeconomic Influences; Comparative Analysis; Statistical Analysis; Cross Cultural Studies; International Programs; Global Approach

Abstract:
The subjective well-being approach to the valuation of international development is applied to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Results indicate that the rich countries have particular preference for education, healthcare, and housing; they are willing to accept compensation for a failure to meet the three targets by 2015. The poor countries view all the MDGs as important; they are willing accept compensation for a failure to achieve all the targets by 2015. Results also indicate that what the poor countries are willing to accept in terms of compensation matches the amount that would have been the pledge of 0.7% proportion of incomes of the rich countries for international aid. These findings imply that the MDGs can be accomplished at an affordable cost. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Psychological Patterns; Well Being; Developed Nations; Developing Nations; Foreign Countries; Economic Factors; Life Satisfaction; Asians; Socioeconomic Status; Values; Unemployment; Cultural Traits; Correlation; Income; Males; Social Indicators

Abstract:
This paper investigates ten Asian nations to consider how socio-economic values affect happiness and satisfaction. Moreover, it considers whether economic factors can strongly affect wellbeing under certain conditions. Males in Asia are said they have more opportunities to obtain higher happiness and satisfaction but it does not happen in the current study. Unemployment has negative and significant impact with regard to happiness and satisfaction in developing countries yet it does not have the same effect in developed nations. It is believed cultural value positively affects happiness and satisfaction in East Asia but the result in the models is different with no clear relationship between this variable and wellbeing. Furthermore, some people declare that a relative increase of income compared to the lowest group will lead them to lower life satisfaction. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Social Change; Foreign Countries; Manufacturing; Unemployment; Regression (Statistics); Models; Correlation; Developed Nations

Abstract:
This study assesses the possibility that deindustrialization has been contributing to the persistently high unemployment rates experienced by most affluent countries since the mid-1970s. Combining insights from Lilien's (1982) "sectoral shift" thesis and the literature on deindustrialization, the authors assert that the decades-long contraction of the manufacturing sector has been a significant source of high unemployment in affluent countries. This assertion is tested against the literature's existing explanations for unemployment using data from 16 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries over a recent 34-year period. Two-way, fixed-effects regression models suggest that deindustrialization has not only contributed to unemployment in these countries, but that it has been one of the more important causes of this phenomenon. These findings are robust across various model specifications and estimating strategies. The study concludes by suggesting further ways to investigate this important topic. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Well Being; Developed Nations; Older Adults; Interdisciplinary Approach; Social Science Research; Information Technology; Computer System Design; Research Needs; Research Methodology; Social Indicators; Sociometric Techniques; Public Policy; Quality of Life; Comparative Analysis; Cross Cultural Studies; International Cooperation; Aging (Individuals)

Abstract:
This paper focuses on three main subjects: (1) monitoring quality of life (QoL) in old age; (2) international and interdisciplinary collaboration for QoL research; and (3) computer-based technology and infrastructure assisting (1) and (2). This type of computer-supported cooperative work in the social sciences has been termed eHumanities or eSocial Science. Although QoL issues matter for all ages, given the size of population aging and the demographic outlook of developed countries, QoL in old age is one of the most pressing issues to study (Walker and Mollenkopf in Quality of life in old age: international and multi-disciplinary perspectives, Springer, The Netherlands, 2007). Despite the recognized need for good measurement methods in QoL (e.g., Stiglitz et al. in The measurement of economic performance and social progress revisited. progress revisited. OFCE working documents, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE), Paris, 2009), effective mechanisms allowing cross-country comparisons are still rare. In the context of QoL or human well-being research and measurement, one of the most influential concepts is the capability approach (CA). Yet, the operationalization of the CA has long been one of the serious challenges faced by capabilities and quality of life researchers. As regards to this issue, we argue that modern technology has the potential to provide ample tools for enhancing the measurement of human well-being, and facilitating large-scale collaborative research on the QoL. This paper demonstrates a methodology, procedures, and tools that we have developed, based on the new technologies designed and developed for both governmental and intergovernmental (OECD) sponsored assessments and that are ready to be used for QoL analysis. We propose a viable alternative for facilitating international and interdisciplinary research collaboration to develop a methodology and a dashboard of indicators to monitor the progress of human well-being over the years and to formalize its multidimensional measure for international comparisons Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Access to Education; Developed Nations; Latin Americans; Social Systems; Foreign Countries; Asians; Educational Objectives; Criticism; Public Policy; Technical Education; Higher Education; Financial Support; Political Influences; Ethnography; Student Attitudes; Educational Practices; Teaching Methods; Ideology; Outcomes of Education; Political Attitudes

Abstract:
During the Cold War over half a million Asians, Africans and Latin Americans studied and graduated in the Soviet Union's universities and technical schools as part of this country's educational aid policies. Cuba was an intermediary player in the Cold War geopolitical contest between the United States and the Soviet Union, fuelled by the imposition of the US embargo on Cuba in 1961 and its subsequent alignment with the socialist bloc. Cuba was a recipient of educational aid from 1961 until 1990. Current studies about Soviet educational aid to less-developed countries generally, and the Cuban case in particular, are mainly based on the analysis of state policies and intercountry agreements. There is a lack of personal student recollections among this research. In this paper, the author uses an autoethnographic approach to reflect on her schooling in Cuba and university studies in 1980s socialist Uzbekistan. The reflections and analysis focus on three themes: universal access to education, comprehensive or integral education, and socialist political formation through education. The article critiques the rhetoric and practice of socialist education in these contexts, and shows how traditional pedagogy both supported and undermined official and broader educational objectives. It argues that the main aims of Soviet and Cuban educational programmes to train the new socialist technical elite for the Third World achieved mixed results, producing well-educated graduates with uneven ideological outcomes. (Contains 9 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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