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Descriptors:
Budgeting; Central Office Administrators; Cost Effectiveness; Decentralization; Elementary Secondary Education; Money Management; Public Schools; Resource Allocation; School Based Management; School District Spending

Abstract:
Argues that school systems are so centralized that they waste money on bureaucratic operations and lack the capacity to respond rapidly to changing circumstances. A study of nine school systems that vary dramatically in their degree of decentralization demonstrates that true decentralization yields benefits in both efficiency and performance. (MLF)

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Descriptors:
Budgeting; Decentralization; Decision Making; Educational Finance; Elementary Secondary Education; Money Management; Postsecondary Education

Abstract:
In educational settings, decentralized budgeting refers to various fiscal practices that disperse budgeting responsibility away from central administration to the line education units. This distributed decision-making is common to several financial management models. Among the many financial management models that employ decentralized budgeting are site-based budgeting, contribution margin budgeting, and responsibility center management or responsibility center budgeting. While all of these models incorporate distributed decision making into their operation, the span of budgetary decision making responsibility appears to be related to the educational unit's influence over its revenue stream. All three models share characteristics common to both public school and postsecondary educational settings. From the perspectives of budgeting practitioners, the diversity of decentralized budgeting in educational settings is apparent. From public school settings, where administrators focus their budgeting energies on controlling costs, to universities, where administrators pursue alternative revenue sources, decentralized budgeting manifests the characteristics of different financial management models. Across the range of diverse manifestations, decentralized budgeting in education attempts to empower fundamental unit personnel with the ability to participate in, influence, and take ownership of expense and/or revenue decisions for which they are ultimately and uniquely responsible. (Contains 10 references.) (SM) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Area Studies; Background; Centralization; Community Colleges; Decentralization; Historical Interpretation; History; Organizational Change; School Organization; Two Year Colleges

Abstract:
Explores the historical development of British Columbia's community college, university college, and institute system with the focus on voluntary collaboration in relation to provincial coordination and on swings between centralization and decentralization. Study examines development in BC's post secondary system in light of broader global developments. Contains 32 references and one appendix. (MZ) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Decentralization; Educational Policy; Governance; Government School Relationship; Higher Education; State Action; State Legislation

Abstract:
State decentralization of higher education emerged as a significant governance trend of the 1980s to 1990s. Yet little is known about how or why decentralization first became an issue to which state governments paid serious attention. This study employs multiple theories to analyze the agenda-setting stage of policy formation in three states (Arkansas, Hawaii, Illinois) that enacted decentralization legislation. (EV) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Community Involvement; Comparative Education; Decentralization; Educational Change; Evaluation; Foreign Countries; Global Approach; Higher Education; Identification (Psychology); Primary Education; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Collaboration; Teacher Education; Teacher Student Relationship; Teaching Methods

Abstract:
Compares the beginning teacher identity of primary teacher trainees in Trinidad and Tobago, with the concept of the teacher image present in reform initiatives. Highlights the need for reform efforts to take into account the gaps between existing teacher identity images and those envisioned for the reformed system. (CAJ)

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Descriptors:
Accountability; Decentralization; Developing Nations; Educational Administration; Educational Change; Educational Planning; Foreign Countries; Human Resources; Information Dissemination; Policy; Poverty; Primary Education; Work Attitudes

Abstract:
Discusses decentralization as a key concern in educational planning and management in Malawi. Outlines key dimensions to decentralization: work culture, accountability, accurate and well disseminated information, provision of levels of resources, and sustainability. Concludes that two overarching issues have emerged from this study: (1) policy clarity and (2) reform in contexts of poverty. (CAJ)

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Descriptors:
Admission Criteria; Budgets; Comparative Education; Decentralization; Democracy; Educational Quality; Equal Education; Fees; Foreign Countries; Governance; Governing Boards; Justice; Primary Education; Race; School Administration; Secondary Education; Social Status

Abstract:
Discusses early experiences of school governing bodies in South Africa. Examines governing bodies' powers to set fees, resulting impact on resources for different types of schools, and implications for equity and equality. Explores governing bodies' admission policies and how this led to school populations differentiated by class and race. (CAJ)

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Descriptors:
Compensatory Education; Decentralization; Disadvantaged; Educational Change; Educational Objectives; Educational Quality; Elementary Secondary Education; Equal Education; Financial Support; Foreign Countries; Inclusive Schools; Poverty; Private Education; Privatization; Public Education; School Districts

Abstract:
Claims that public education in Mexico is in severe crisis. Indicates the wealthy have opted out of public education and the poor are dropping out. Argues that reforms to address poor quality and inequalities are being sidestepped. Proposes a more inclusive educational approaches to provide quality education for all. (CAJ)

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Descriptors:
Decentralization; Educational Change; Educational Policy; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Countries; Resistance to Change; School Based Management; School Culture; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Response; Teacher Role

Abstract:
Ethnographic fieldwork in six junior high schools in East Java, Indonesia, focused on local responses to a national policy devolving authority over the curriculum to the schools. Interviews and observations in the schools revealed little change in teacher actions. The objectives of decentralization clashed with deeply rooted ideas about authority, hierarchy, and the role of the Indonesian teacher. (SV) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Access to Education; Community Resources; Decentralization; Disadvantaged; Elementary Secondary Education; Enrollment Influences; Foreign Countries; Junior High Schools; Poverty; Rural Education; Rural Schools; Sex Differences; Socioeconomic Influences

Abstract:
Against a backdrop of educational decentralization and market transition, China demonstrates how local community resources condition educational inequality. Analysis of 1992 national survey data on 7,550 villages and nearly 78,000 rural children aged 12-14 revealed that household income, village income, and village provision of junior high schools had distinct net impacts on children's enrollment probabilities, with larger effects on girls than boys. (SV) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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