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Descriptors:
Females; Social Justice; Cultural Pluralism; Well Being; Foreign Countries; Social Change; Correlation; Freedom; Gender Differences; Guidelines; Personal Narratives; History; Cultural Context; Sex Fairness

Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to understand historically and contextually the well-being and agency of selected female teachers in Turkey. The paper develops a justice model based on the capability approach to build on the relation between freedom and equality, and to take gender and cultural diversity as a key element. The research draws on results from in-depth biographical narratives of 15 participants from west Turkey, examining the real freedoms and opportunities of three different generations of female teachers through constructing a gendered look into women's lives. The study begins by developing a framework linking women's opportunities and freedoms drawing its normative compass from Martha Nussbaum's capabilities approach. It explores how female teachers' well-being can be understood in relation to key capabilities that individuals, communities and society have reason to value and how these capabilities and functionings can be expanded or constrained. The paper argues for the significance of thinking about capabilities in the professional lives of teachers who work for social change. Through a historical and generational sequence, it captures the egalitarian aspects of the capability approach, and strengthens its emphasis on freedoms of women. The findings of this enquiry indicate that there are persistent economic, cultural, ethnical, structural and gendered inequalities in women's lives, but that women also have agency to bring changes in their lives and through their teaching. (Contains 2 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Disabilities; Foreign Countries; Special Education; Special Needs Students; Student Diversity; Cultural Pluralism; Teaching Methods; Classification; Educational Policy; Guidelines; Ethics; Social Justice; Educational Practices

Abstract:
Policy and practice responses to diversity and difference in pupil populations continue to challenge education systems around the world. This paper considers how teachers' understandings of diversity and difference and their pedagogical responses at the local level are influenced by, and can be reconciled with, policy at the general level with its impulse for categorisation, normalcy and "ableness". Two frameworks around orientations to diversity and types of pedagogic need are combined in order to examine this tension and develop possible responses. This is illustrated through the example of special educational needs as a type of difference. The paper argues that for critical, ethical and socially just pedagogies, policy needs to support teachers in acknowledging and troubling difference at the classroom level. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Higher Education; Student Diversity; Cultural Pluralism; Cultural Awareness; Consciousness Raising; Interpersonal Communication; Social Bias; Perspective Taking; Religion; Individual Differences; Racial Differences; Institutional Role

Abstract:
There are significant concerns about campus relationships, primarily between white students and students of color, but also related to students of different religious backgrounds (e.g., Christian and Muslim). Despite the growing diversity in faculty and student bodies on campus, students could still navigate through college without having to interact in meaningful ways with others of different backgrounds. There are many priorities for colleges and universities to pursue at an institutional level. It may be more important for administrators to prioritize increased diversity in recruitment and retention of students (and faculty) than to take ownership of the challenge of making the experience of campus diversity positive and meaningful. Consequently, campus organizations or even individuals may need to undertake efforts aimed at increased intercultural understanding and interaction. It takes more than diversity of campus populations for individuals to interact in meaningful ways with others of different backgrounds. In this article, the authors share their experience launching a series of campus conversations focused on raising personal awareness and building relationships across difference. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Adolescents; Religion; Dialogs (Language); Self Concept; Religious Education; Biculturalism; Teaching Methods; Cultural Pluralism; Foreign Countries

Abstract:
This article focuses on the need for dialogue in the form of a "third space" for multi-faith realities. In exploring the idea of a "third space," the author draws on the use of the term borrowed from Homi Bahha. Third space, as it is defined in the context of this article, understands the complexities of hybridity, or multiple identities, as experiences by adolescents in the contemporary climate. Dialogue, it is argued, is a necessary component through which adolescents can speak to the complexities of bridging multiple worlds and identities. The argument ultimately rests in language and dialogue's ability within the third space to reframe and eliminate dichotomies and create a "pluralistic identity" in which the individual's holistic self is nurtured and developed. (Contains 8 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Individual Development; Communication Skills; Religion; Comparative Analysis; Religion Studies; Criticism; Cultural Pluralism; Peace; Undergraduate Study; Graduate Study; Role; Dialogs (Language); History; Intercultural Communication; Departments; Curriculum

Abstract:
Comparative Religion is seen as an important curricula because it could serve as a mechanism for enhancing cross-cultural religious communication. The authors seek to examine the role of Comparative Religion as an important science for enhancing dialogue skills. Such a communication skill, however, must be developed from both intra- and inter-civilizational levels. The authors have employed an historical and textual analysis to re-examine Comparative Religion and its methodology. The authors proposed new curricula in Comparative Religion studies including criticism of the methodologies used in Comparative Religion. This includes a new methodology that considers the existing multicultural religious phenomenon as well as post-September 11, 2001 developments and the plans for departmentalization of Comparative Religion. For further benefit toward peace, harmony, and accepting co-existence, this study also highlights suggestions for developing the undergraduate and postgraduate programs at the higher education level. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Religion; Religious Education; Cultural Pluralism; Psychological Patterns; Teaching Methods; Social Attitudes

Abstract:
The aim of this article is to consider the psychological mechanisms that may prevent individuals from achieving religious tolerance and religious pluralism. After defining these concepts and explaining why they are desirable outcomes, four psychological obstacles to the achievement of religious tolerance and religious pluralism will be explored by considering both research in psychology and the literature on religious education. The aim of identifying these obstacles is to enable us to suggest how they might be overcome through education, and what the implications for religious education are. (Contains 1 footnote.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Cultural Awareness; Cultural Pluralism; Study Abroad; Instructional Leadership; Practicums; Internship Programs; Graduate Students; Outcomes of Education; Administrator Education; Educational Administration; Attitude Change; Student Attitudes; Mixed Methods Research; Foreign Countries

Abstract:
Developing globally minded citizens has become a national push and a stated priority for many higher education institutions in the United States. This article focuses on one university's efforts to develop globally minded school leaders who are accepting of and comfortable with diversity. The University of North Carolina Wilmington has created an international practicum for master's and doctoral-level students in the Educational Leadership Department. This study focuses on the outcomes of this international practicum. Data from this mixed methods study are presented on participants' shifts in attitudes about cultural diversity as measured by the Miville-Guzman Universality Diversity Scale survey and interviews. The article also provides suggestions about processes and experiences necessary to support and facilitate participants' shifts to embrace diversity and global perspectives. (Contains 2 tables and 3 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Cultural Differences; Minority Groups; Citizenship Education; Migration; Social Theories; Cultural Pluralism; Self Determination; Immigration; State Action; Acculturation

Abstract:
Most societies today are culturally diverse. Increasingly, minority groups are demanding recognition and self-governing rights to protect their ways of life against that of the majority. These demands represent a serious challenge for the state: how is it to balance between the equally legitimate claims of the many cultures inhabiting its territories, all the while promoting a set of common practices and democratic institutions? In several influential publications, Will Kymlicka has offered persuasive answers to those questions. This article examines his theory, with particular emphasis on the distinction he draws between what he calls national minorities and polyethnic (or immigrant) groups. Given his hierarchical structuring of both groups, this article attempts to show that Kymlicka falls into somewhat contradictory positions, especially evident when considering the implications of his theory on how education is structured within multicultural states. (Contains 7 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Work Environment; Vocational Education Teachers; Teaching Methods; College Instruction; Immigrants; Student Diversity; Constructivism (Learning); Intervention; Faculty Development; Teacher Competencies; Vocational Education; Intercultural Communication; Cultural Pluralism; Multicultural Education

Abstract:
Immigration is an integral phenomenon of our globalising world. The increasing flow of people creates new challenges for educational institutions and workplaces. The purpose of this article is to address challenges that vocational teachers face with diversity at colleges and workplaces. Two research questions are addressed: how do teachers prepare immigrant students for working life? What challenges related to intercultural competence do teachers preparing immigrant students for working life face? The theoretical background lies in cultural-historical activity theory, developmental work research and in the concept of intercultural competence. The change laboratory method used in study is a formative intervention method evolved within developmental work research. The data comprised two change laboratories organised at the same vocational college in 2001 and 2011. The results showed that teachers' work with multicultural students and groups can be developed by following five perspectives: preparation, reflection, contribution, guidance and responding. Intercultural competence is constructed contextually and is intertwined with activities such as teaching, facilitating students' learning and cooperating with wor kplaces. The participants of the change laboratories experienced it as a good instrument for their intercultural work. Based on the results, some implications are suggested. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Early Intervention; Teacher Attitudes; Early Childhood Education; Cultural Pluralism; Action Research; Program Improvement; Educational Improvement; Educational Change; Educational Development; Change Strategies; Integrated Services; Best Practices; Educational Practices

Abstract:
In this article, the author focuses on diversity and working with families in the early childhood field. She has chosen to look to the potential for improvements in the future. It is impossible to predict the future, but there are strategies that can help ensure that practices in early intervention and early childhood special education (EI/ECSE) continue to improve. Evaluation followed by action often results in positive change. Therefore, the author is proposing five questions that can be used to evaluate, reflect, and take actions to improve educators' practices as the future so relentlessly becomes the present. She stresses that evaluating current services, reflecting on those findings, and making the changes to improve programs and practices require time, energy, and commitment; but it is always worth it. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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