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Descriptors:
Liberal Arts; Class Activities; Student Attitudes; Undergraduate Study; Service Learning; Undergraduate Students; Community Needs; Course Content; Criminals; Barriers; Time; Economic Factors; Family Relationship; Law Enforcement

Abstract:
In recent years, more university programs have been encompassing service learning components to augment their academic studies. Service learning engages students in activities that meet community needs. The students acquire a deeper understanding of course content, requirements within the discipline, and civic responsibilities. This paper will explore the attitudes and perceptions that Criminal Justice students have toward service learning. A sample of 54 undergraduate students from a liberal arts university in the Pacific Northwest were asked to reflect on their service learning classes, out of class activities, and discuss any barriers that made service learning classes more difficult. The results indicate that while students found service learning experiences beneficial to their undergraduate education, the barriers of time, money, and family obligations prevent many students from participating. Educators can utilize this insight when deciding if and when to utilize service learning in their courses. (Contains 4 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Dropouts; Enrollment; Educational Attainment; Individual Characteristics; Juvenile Justice; Neighborhoods; Criminals; Law Enforcement; Disadvantaged; Crime; Longitudinal Studies; High School Students; College Attendance

Abstract:
Official sanctioning of students by the criminal justice system is a long-hypothesized source of educational disadvantage, but its explanatory status remains unresolved. Few studies of the educational consequences of a criminal record account for alternative explanations such as low self-control, lack of parental supervision, deviant peers, and neighborhood disadvantage. Moreover, virtually no research on the effect of a criminal record has examined the "black box" of mediating mechanisms or the consequence of arrest for postsecondary educational attainment. Analyzing longitudinal data with multiple and independent assessments of theoretically relevant domains, the authors estimate the direct effect of arrest on later high school dropout and college enrollment for adolescents with otherwise equivalent neighborhood, school, family, peer, and individual characteristics as well as similar frequency of criminal offending. The authors present evidence that arrest has a substantively large and robust impact on dropping out of high school among Chicago public school students. They also find a significant gap in four-year college enrollment between arrested and otherwise similar youth without a criminal record. The authors also assess intervening mechanisms hypothesized to explain the process by which arrest disrupts the schooling process and, in turn, produces collateral educational damage. The results imply that institutional responses and disruptions in students' educational trajectories, rather than social-psychological factors, are responsible for the arrest--education link. (Contains 2 figures, 8 tables and 20 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Motivation; Rape; Psychological Patterns; Student Attitudes; Crime; Victims of Crime; Correctional Institutions; Vignettes; Undergraduate Students; Statistical Analysis; Law Enforcement; Role; Criminals

Abstract:
Undergraduate volunteers (n = 134) were randomly assigned in a 2 x 2 design that manipulated type of crime (rape vs. robbery) and perpetrator motivation (anger vs. desire). After reading one of the crime scenarios, participants responded to a series of attitude items regarding responsibility for the crime, assigned blame to agents mentioned in the scenario, and assigned a prison sentence to the perpetrator. A two-way ANOVA showed a significant interaction of motivation and crime (p = 0.026), with the victim rated least responsible in the anger-motivated rape scenario. Likewise, the assignment of blame produced a significant interaction of motivation and crime (p = 0.034); the victim was blamed the least in the anger-motivated rape scenario. Although the perpetrator was viewed as more responsible for the crime of rape than robbery (p = 0.022) and received a significantly longer sentence for rape (p less than 0.001), perpetrator motivation did not affect perceptions of the perpetrator's responsibility for either crime. These results stand in contrast to those of Mitchell, Angelone, Kohlberger, and Hirschman (2009) and suggest their findings may have been the result of homophobic statements by the perpetrator rather than anger per se. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Evidence; Risk; Crime; Foreign Countries; Outcomes of Treatment; Correctional Institutions; Rehabilitation; Criminals; Recidivism; Beliefs; Peer Relationship; Correctional Rehabilitation

Abstract:
This study extends our knowledge about the rehabilitation of criminal organization offenders by focusing on their community outcomes upon release, and identifying the risk factors related to reoffending for 332 organized crime offenders released from federal penitentiaries in Canada prior to March 31, 2009. Of that group, 12.7% were readmitted to prison, which was about one half the percentage of a matched group of nonorganized crime offenders. These results are especially relevant given that most of these offenders were affiliated with traditional organized crime groups, such as the Mafia or outlaw motorcycle gangs, and, as such, are likely to be admitted to prison with well entrenched criminogenic beliefs and negative peer associations. These findings provide empirical evidence that these offenders do have the potential for successful community reentry. Implications for the development of correctional programs are discussed. (Contains 5 tables and 2 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Money Management; Criminals; Case Studies; Compensation (Remuneration); Correctional Institutions; Correctional Rehabilitation; Males; Budgeting

Abstract:
A modified version of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's Money Smart financial training program was provided for 14 exonerees in an urban Texas setting, in preparation for receiving their compensation awards relating to their wrongful convictions. Researchers sought to investigate the usefulness of the modified program in assisting in the financial literacy of exonerees transitioning to society postrelease. This case study provides an overview of the observations of the process, and implications for future trainings and practice with this population. Overall, the exonerees in this case study benefited from the program. However, exonerees expressed unique concerns about family issues, budgeting, spending habits, credit, taxes, retirement, exploitation, and the media. The observations made throughout this process are relevant to the criminal justice field since Texas has adopted a policy whereby the Department of Criminal Justice provides initial postrelease case management and oversight of initial compensation funds. (Contains 2 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Depression (Psychology); Legal Problems; State Programs; Sexual Abuse; Criminals; Federal Legislation; Safety; Statistical Analysis; Responses; Surveys; Disclosure; Law Enforcement

Abstract:
For over two decades, U.S. state and federal governments have enacted broad legislation in an effort to keep communities aware about and safe from sex offenders living nearby. The current study qualitatively analyzes unsolicited responses from sex offenders regarding their feelings, attitudes, and experiences living under the auspices of such legislation. A total of 60 survey responses from offenders in three states were reviewed. Several key themes emerged, including legal issues, hopelessness and despair, collateral consequences, and lack of effectiveness of registration and notification. Policy and research implications are discussed. (Contains 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Prevention; Psychotherapy; Statistical Significance; Coping; Sexual Abuse; Group Therapy; Risk; Recidivism; Skill Development; Outcomes of Treatment; Criminals; Psychoeducational Methods; Classification; Scores; Diagnostic Tests

Abstract:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate relapse prevention skill acquisition within the context of a comprehensive treatment program involving group psychotherapy, relapse prevention programming, and other essential psychoeducational components. The Sex Offender Situational Competency Test (SOSCT) was administered pretreatment and posttreatment to 139 convicted adult sex offenders in intensive inpatient treatment for 5.7 to 22.9 months. The SOSCT measures the ability to recognize high-risk situations and the effectiveness of the coping skills generated. Participants were presented with differing scenarios depending on their sex-offender subtype (75 heterosexual child molesters, 23 homosexual child molesters, and 36 rapists of women). Posttreatment scores on the SOSCT improved significantly (p less than 0.0005) but neither the sex offender group effect (p greater than 0.357) nor the interaction between treatment time and group (p greater than 0.097) obtained statistical significance. It is very unlikely that the SOSCT improvements obtained simply result from participation in relapse prevention programming. (Contains 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Risk Management; Role Conflict; Ethics; Foreign Countries; Mental Retardation; Justice; Criminals; Caseworker Approach; Civil Rights; Correctional Rehabilitation; Vocational Rehabilitation; Change Strategies; Institutionalized Persons; Normalization (Disabilities); Ambiguity (Context); Therapy; Client Characteristics (Human Services); Individual Characteristics; Caregiver Role; Role Perception; Semi Structured Interviews; Focus Groups

Abstract:
In New Zealand, the Intellectual Disability (Compulsory Care and Rehabilitation) Act 2003 provides diversion for persons with an intellectual disability who have been charged with, or convicted of, a criminal offence. This unique Act moves the responsibility for such "care recipients" from the criminal justice system to a disability sector that values a social model of disability and philosophies of autonomy, choice and normalisation. This research identified dilemmas faced by care managers legally responsible for care recipients. Care managers experienced: tension between imperatives of risk management, rehabilitation and human rights; role ambiguity between"custodian" or "therapist"; philosophical incongruity within their services; and ethical dilemmas over decisions to lengthen care orders. The changing care recipient population has intensified these dilemmas: services must now adapt to the needs of young, street-wise people with alcohol and drug problems and histories of criminal behaviour. The article makes recommendations about how these dilemmas can be addressed. (Contains 14 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Addictive Behavior; Smoking; Adolescents; Measures (Individuals); Multivariate Analysis; Cocaine; Criminals; Substance Abuse; Prediction; Questionnaires; Therapy; Drug Abuse; Crime; Law Enforcement; Correlation; Social Support Groups; Employment; Case Studies

Abstract:
This study assessed the relative importance of problem gambling, cocaine use and selected psychosocial characteristics in predicting criminal convictions. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by clients when admitted to a treatment program for a primary problem with cocaine (n = 300), gambling (n = 199), or tobacco (n = 249). The questionnaire included questions on various psychosocial characteristics and criminal conviction(s) in the past 3 years. Those in treatment for cocaine use or gambling had higher rates of criminal conviction (21.8% and 11.6%, respectively) than those in treatment for tobacco (1.6%). In a multivariate analysis, being in treatment for cocaine or gambling, compared to those in treatment for tobacco, was significantly associated with having had a criminal conviction; while having high levels of social support and being employed full-time were protective factors against criminal conviction. Due to the cross-sectional nature of the study causation cannot be inferred. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Addictive Behavior; Substance Abuse; Quality of Life; Altruism; Questionnaires; Correctional Institutions; Fatigue (Biology); Criminals; Institutionalized Persons; Burnout; Interviews; Qualitative Research; Counselors; Measures (Individuals); Scores; Family Relationship; Females; Counselor Attitudes

Abstract:
This study examines compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction in two groups of counselors who specialize in substance dependency treatment in order to identify the unique features of substance abuse service delivery that may be related to professional quality of life. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 substance abuse counselors working with offenders both in prison and community facilities. In addition, interview subjects completed the ProQOL-IV to assist in exploring the unique challenges that may face the substance abuse treatment field with regards to professional self-care. Two key themes emerged from the examination of the group of interviewees that scored high on the Compassion Fatigue Subscale on the ProQOL-IV, revealing that working with women is more challenging, and substance abuse counselors who have family members with addiction problems or themselves are in recovery may make one more susceptible to compassion fatigue. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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