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Descriptors:
Females; Drinking; Intimacy; Young Adults; Sexuality; Males; Alcohol Abuse; Gender Differences; Health Behavior; At Risk Persons; Adolescents; Correlation; Social Influences; Focus Groups; Interviews; Urban Areas; Suburbs; Employment Level; Age Differences; Educational Attainment; Income; Television Viewing; Tourism

Abstract:
A randomly selected cross-sectional survey was conducted with 880 youth (16 to 24 years) in Nha Trang City to assess relationships between alcohol consumption and sexual behaviors. A timeline followback method was employed. Chi-square, generalized logit modeling and logistic regression analyses were performed. Of the sample, 78.2% male and 56.1% female respondents ever consumed alcohol. Males reporting sexual behaviors (vaginal, anal, oral sex) had a significantly higher calculated peak BAC of 0.151 compared to 0.082 for males reporting no sexual intimacy (p less than 0.0001). Females reporting sexual behaviors had a peak BAC of 0.072 compared to 0.027 for those reporting no sexual intimacy (p = 0.016). Fifty percent of (33/66) males and 30.4% (7/23) females report event specific drinking and engagement in sexual behaviors. Males reporting 11+ drinks in 30 days had more sexual partners than those reporting 1 to 10 drinks (p = 0.037). Data suggest different physical and psychosocial mediators between alcohol consumption and sexual behaviors by gender. (Contains 7 tables and 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Marital Status; Marriage; Low Income Groups; Money Management; Performance; Comparative Analysis

Abstract:
Research indicates that marriage has a large effect on reducing the risk of poverty and is associated with a higher probability of attaining affluence over the life course when compared with nonmarriage. Using data from the American Dream Demonstration (N = 2,364), this study compares savings performances of married and unmarried low-income participants in a matched savings program--Individual Development Accounts. The results indicate that both married and unmarried low-income participants can save in Individual Development Accounts. After controlling for program and other participant characteristics, there were no significant differences in savings between married and unmarried participants. We further examined possible factors that are associated with Individual Development Account savings performance for these two groups. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Participant Characteristics; Money Management; Banking; Welfare Recipients; Low Income Groups; Welfare Services; Incentives

Abstract:
The authors examined how welfare recipiency is associated with savings outcomes in individual development accounts (IDAs), a structured savings program for low-income people. They investigated whether welfare recipients can save if they are provided with incentives. Data for this study ore from the American Dream Demonstration (ADD), the first nationwide demonstration of IDAs. A Heckman two-step regression analysis suggests that, after controlling for a variety of program and participant characteristics, welfare recipiency, either before or at the time of enrollment in IDAs, is not correlated with program exits or savings outcomes. The findings suggest that welfare recipiency does not seem to affect savings performance in IDAs. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Postsecondary Education; Mothers; Labor Market; Human Capital; Fathers; Economic Status; One Parent Family; Educational Attainment; Gender Differences; Racial Differences

Abstract:
We investigate the effects of post-secondary education on the economic well-being of single parents. The data for this study are from the 1993 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, with a sample of 930 single mothers and 168 single fathers. The results indicate that post-secondary education, particularly a 4-year college degree, improves the economic status of both single mothers and single fathers. Controlling for the effects of education and other factors, single fathers fare better than single mothers, and White single parents fare better than their African American counterparts. To benefit single parents, social policies must devote more resources toward human capital development and reduction of gender and race-based discrimination in the labor market. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Employment Opportunities; Welfare Recipients; Job Development; American Indians; American Indian Reservations; Welfare Services; Federal Legislation

Abstract:
This article documents the impact of the 1996 federal welfare legislation on American Indian families in the state of Arizona over a period of four years. The authors analyzed primary data obtained from interviews with 445 former or current welfare families with children from three Indian reservations: Navajo, San Carlos, and Salt River. Compared with national and regional levels, reservations experienced a slower rate of decline in welfare caseloads. Welfare recipients on reservations had lower levels of education than the national welfare population and lived in areas with a shortage of employment opportunities and support services. The article underscores the importance of job creation, job preparation, and support services for welfare recipients on reservations and the need for federal, state, and tribal governments to work together to help families exit welfare. Policy implications are discussed. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Economic Status; Educational Attainment; Females; Postsecondary Education; Predictor Variables; Retirement; Social Work; Welfare Services

Abstract:
Examines the relationship between postsecondary education and retirement economic well-being among white and African American women. Finds that after controlling for demographic characteristics and employment-related variables, both white and African American women with postsecondary education were better off economically and relied less on welfare income during their retirement. (Contains 81 references and 5 tables.) (GCP) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Academic Achievement; Educational Attainment; Elementary Secondary Education; Family Income; Fatherless Family; Grades (Scholastic); Graduation; Homeowners; Mothers; One Parent Family; Parent Attitudes

Abstract:
This study examined the effects of mothers' assets (i.e., home ownership and savings) on their expectations and their children's educational achievement in female-headed households. The study used data from the National Survey of Families and Households, which involved interviews with a national sample of 13,017 respondents (including 3,374 blacks and single parent families). The dependent variables were measures of children's educational achievements (academic performance and high school graduation). Mothers' expectations for their children's educational achievement were measured with a question that asked how much education they believed their children would probably get. Data analysis indicated that single mothers' assets had significant positive effects on their expectations and their children's educational achievement, and mothers' expectations had significant effects on children's outcomes. Savings had significant effects on the probability of high school graduation, and home ownership had significant effects on academic performance. The positive effects of household income on children's outcomes occurred mainly through mothers' assets. (Contains 65 references.) (SM) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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