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Descriptors:
Graduation Requirements; Credits; High School Students; High School Graduates; Educational Change; Educational Policy; Mathematics Education; Science Education; At Risk Students; Low Achievement; Disadvantaged Schools

Abstract:
Graduation credit requirement reforms were expected to have a significant impact on the American educational landscape, but scholars have concluded that these reforms have exhibited less impact than expected on a wide range of educational outcomes. Drawing on Lipsky's theory of street-level bureaucracy, we hypothesize that graduation requirement reforms have been relatively ineffective because of inconsistent implementation and enforcement at the local level. Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88) and the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002), we assess the viability of this hypothesized explanation. On the whole, the findings are consistent with our contention that inconsistent implementation and enforcement of graduation credit requirement policies contributes to the relative ineffectiveness of these policy reforms. (Contains 25 notes, 1 figure and 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Educational Change; Educational Indicators; Accountability; Statistical Data; Statistical Analysis; Measurement Techniques; Measures (Individuals); Outcomes of Education

Abstract:
In the push to bring data to bear on all of the important education issues of the day, one essential fact is often overlooked: Not all indicators are created equal. This book provides a comprehensive approach for understanding how statistical measures of achievement are developed, evaluated, and interpreted. Given the extent to which accountability measures determine outcomes for schools and students, this practical introduction is essential reading for a wide audience that includes school administrators, teachers, policymakers, and the media. The authors strive to increase "statistical literacy" by engaging readers in the process of becoming thoughtful and critical users of data. With the practitioner in mind, this hands-on primer: (1) Outlines a viable approach to interpreting the vast array of available data about education in the United States; (2) Uses clear, jargon-free language with real examples from local, national, and international indicator systems; and (3) Offers a website (www.educationindicator.com) with additional resources, examples, and a forum for up-to-the-minute policy discussions. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Elementary Secondary Education; Postsecondary Education; School Statistics; Educational Indicators; Educational Trends; Academic Persistence; Participation; Enrollment; Outcomes of Education; Academic Achievement; Educational Environment; Disadvantaged Schools; Poverty; Educational Attainment; Public Schools; Private Schools; Race; Ethnicity; Student Characteristics; Language Minorities; Disabilities; Reading Achievement; Mathematics Achievement; Achievement Gap; Fine Arts; Science Achievement; Foreign Countries; Income; Young Adults; Dropout Rate; Graduation Rate; Academic Degrees; Institutional Characteristics; School Safety; Crime; Teacher Characteristics; Principals; Administrator Characteristics; School Personnel; Teacher Student Ratio; Charter Schools; Educational Finance; Expenditures; Incentives; Study Abroad; Undergraduate Study; Graduate Study; Professional Education; College Faculty; Teacher Salaries; Teacher Employment Benefits; Student Financial Aid; Student Employment; Student Costs; Racial Distribution; College Students; National Competency Tests

Abstract:
To ensure reliable, accurate, and timely data, which are necessary to monitor the progress of education in the United States, Congress has mandated that the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) produce an annual report, "The Condition of Education". This year's report presents 49 indicators of important developments and trends in U.S. education. These indicators focus on participation and persistence in education, student performance and other measures of achievement, the environment for learning, and resources for education. This statement summarizes the main findings of the indicators, which are divided into five sections: (1) Participation in Education; (2) Learner Outcomes; (3) Student Effort and Educational Progress; (4) Contexts of Elementary and Secondary Education; and (5) Contexts of Postsecondary Education. Appendices include: (1) Supplemental Tables; (2) Supplemental Notes; (3) Glossary; (4) Bibliography; and (5) Index. (Contains 110 tables and 105 figures.) [For "The Condition of Education, 2009", see ED505415.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Educational Indicators; Enrollment Trends; Age Differences; Reading Achievement; Mathematics Achievement; Achievement Gap; Scores; National Competency Tests; Educational Trends; Young Adults; Income; Education Work Relationship; Public Schools; Graduation Rate; High Schools; Dropout Rate; College Bound Students; Postsecondary Education; Expenditures; Undergraduate Study; Intellectual Disciplines; Student Financial Aid; Undergraduate Students

Abstract:
This publication contains a sample of the indicators in "The Condition of Education 2009." The indicators include: (1) Enrollment Trends by Age; (2) Reading Performance and Achievement Gaps; (3) Mathematics Performance and Achievement Gaps; (4) Reading and Mathematics Score Trends; (5) Annual Earnings of Young Adults; (6) Public High School Graduation Rates; (7) Status Dropout Rates; (8) Immediate Transition to College; (9) Postsecondary Graduation Rates; (10) Public School Expenditures; (11) Undergraduate Fields of Study; and (12) Financial Aid for First-Time Students. A list of Indicators for "The Condition of Education" Website (2000-2009) is also included. (Contains 12 figures.) [For "The Condition of Education in Brief 2008," see ED501488. For full report "The Condition of Education 2009," see ED505415. For reports of all individual indicators from the participation in education section of "The Condition of Education 2009," see ED505404-ED505414.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Educational Indicators; Enrollment Trends; Age Differences; Child Development; Early Childhood Education; Young Children; Skills; Knowledge Level; Poverty; Public Schools; Private Schools; Home Schooling; Ethnic Groups; Language Minorities; Disabilities; Undergraduate Students; Graduate Students; Professional Education; Reading Achievement; Mathematics Achievement; Achievement Gap; Scores; National Competency Tests; Educational Trends; Science Achievement; Young Adults; Income; Education Work Relationship; Grade Repetition; Graduation Rate; High Schools; Dropout Rate; College Bound Students; Postsecondary Education; Educational Attainment; Crime; School Safety; Suspension; Expulsion; Mathematics Teachers; Science Teachers; Comparative Analysis; Family Involvement; Family School Relationship; Teacher Student Ratio; School Choice; Expenditures; School District Wealth; Foreign Countries; Foreign Students; Undergraduate Study; Graduate Study; Intellectual Disciplines; Academic Degrees; College Faculty; Salaries; Compensation (Remuneration); Student Employment; Student Financial Aid

Abstract:
To ensure reliable, accurate, and timely data capable of monitoring the progress of education in the United States, Congress has mandated that the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) produce an annual report, "The Condition of Education." This year's report presents 46 indicators of important developments and trends in U.S. education. These indicators focus on participation and persistence in education, student performance and other measures of achievement along with the environment for learning and resources for education. The indicators represent a consensus of professional judgment for which accurate data are available. In the 2009 the 46 indicators are organized in five main areas: (1) participation in education; (2) learner outcomes; (3) student effort and educational progress; (4) the contexts of elementary and secondary education; and (5) the contexts of postsecondary education. Five appendices are included: (1) Supplemental Tables; (2) Supplemental Notes; (3) Glossary; (4) Bibliography; and (5) Index. (Contains 82 figures and 103 tables.) [For "The Condition of Education, 2008," see ED501487. For "The Condition of Education 2009 in Brief," see ED505416.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Educational Indicators; Enrollment; Graduate Students; Professional Education; Gender Differences; Racial Differences; Full Time Students; Part Time Students

Abstract:
"The Condition of Education" is a congressionally mandated report that provides an annual portrait of education in the United States. This document includes information from "The Condition of Education 2009" about graduate and professional enrollment. Enrollment in both graduate and first-professional programs increased between 2000 and 2007. For both program types, increases in enrollment are projected to continue through 2018, with enrollment increasing at a faster rate for females than for males. Overall the "Condition of Education" reports focus on participation and persistence in education, student performance and other measures of achievement, as well as the environment for learning and resources for education. The 2009 report includes 46 indicators. (Contains 2 figures and 3 tables.) [Information and corresponding tables are taken directly from "The Condition of Education 2009" therefore the pagination may not be sequential. For full report "The Condition of Education 2009," see ED505415. For "The Condition of Education 2009 in Brief," see ED505416.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Educational Indicators; Enrollment; Undergraduate Students; Gender Differences; Full Time Students; Private Colleges; Part Time Students; Public Colleges; Enrollment Projections

Abstract:
"The Condition of Education" is a congressionally mandated report that provides an annual portrait of education in the United States. This document includes information from "The Condition of Education 2009" about undergraduate enrollment. From 2000 to 2007, undergraduate enrollment rose by 19 percent. During this period, there were larger relative gains in female enrollment, full-time enrollment, and enrollment in private institutions than in male enrollment, part-time enrollment, and enrollment in public institutions. Projections indicate that the pattern of increased full-time enrollment in 4-year institutions will continue, and in 2018, full-time enrollment at 4-year institutions will reach 8.1 million and part-time enrollment will reach 2.0 million. Overall the "Condition of Education" reports focus on participation and persistence in education, student performance and other measures of achievement, as well as the environment for learning and resources for education. The 2009 report includes 46 indicators. (Contains 2 figures and 2 tables.) [Information and corresponding tables are taken directly from "The Condition of Education 2009" therefore the pagination may not be sequential. For full report "The Condition of Education 2009," see ED505415. For "The Condition of Education 2009 in Brief," see ED505416.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Educational Indicators; Disabilities; Special Education; Learning Disabilities; Speech Impairments; Language Impairments; Federal Legislation; Mental Retardation; Emotional Disturbances; Hearing Impairments; Physical Disabilities; Visual Impairments; Multiple Disabilities; Deaf Blind; Autism; Head Injuries; Neurological Impairments; Developmental Delays; Preschool Children

Abstract:
"The Condition of Education" is a congressionally mandated report that provides an annual portrait of education in the United States. This document includes information from "The Condition of Education 2009" about children and youth with disabilities. The number and percentage of children and youth receiving special education services increased nearly every year between 1976-77 and 2004-05. Since 2004-05, the number and percentage of students served declined each year through 2006-07. In 2006-07, about 40 percent of all children and youth receiving services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) had specific learning disabilities, and 22 percent had speech or language impairments. Overall the "Condition of Education" reports focus on participation and persistence in education, student performance and other measures of achievement, as well as the environment for learning and resources for education. The 2009 report includes 46 indicators. (Contains 2 figures and 2 tables.) [Information and corresponding tables are taken directly from "The Condition of Education 2009" therefore the pagination may not be sequential. For full report "The Condition of Education 2009," see ED505415. For "The Condition of Education 2009 in Brief," see ED505416.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Educational Indicators; Language Minorities; Poverty; Age Differences; Racial Differences; Spanish Speaking; Elementary Secondary Education; Regional Characteristics; Differences; Student Characteristics

Abstract:
"The Condition of Education" is a congressionally mandated report that provides an annual portrait of education in the United States. This document includes information from "The Condition of Education 2009" about language minority school-age children. Between 1979 and 2007, the number of school-age children (children ages 5-17) who spoke a language other than English at home increased from 3.8 to 10.8 million, or from 9 to 20 percent of the population in this age range. An increase was also evident during the more recent period of 2000 through 2007. The percentage of school-age children who spoke a language other than English at home and who spoke English with difficulty varied by demographic characteristics in 2007, including race/ethnicity, poverty status, and age. English-speaking ability also varied by state and region of the country in 2007.Seventy-five percent of those who spoke English with difficulty spoke Spanish. Overall the "Condition of Education" reports focus on participation and persistence in education, student performance and other measures of achievement, as well as the environment for learning and resources for education. The 2009 report includes 46 indicators. (Contains 2 figures and 12 tables.) [Information and corresponding tables are taken directly from "The Condition of Education 2009" therefore the pagination may not be sequential. For full report "The Condition of Education 2009," see ED505415. For "The Condition of Education 2009 in Brief," see ED505416.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Educational Indicators; Public Schools; Enrollment; Racial Distribution; Ethnic Groups; African Americans; Hispanic Americans; Asian Americans; Pacific Americans; American Indians; Whites; Multiracial Persons; Elementary Secondary Education; Regional Characteristics; Differences

Abstract:
"The Condition of Education" is a congressionally mandated report that provides an annual portrait of education in the United States. This document includes information from "The Condition of Education 2009" about public school racial/ethnic enrollment. The shifting racial and ethnic distribution of public school students enrolled in kindergarten through 12th grade is one aspect of change in the composition of school enrollment. The racial/ethnic composition of public schools differed by region, though the combined enrollment of Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Native Alaska students generally increased as a percentage of the total enrollment in all regions between 1987 and 2007 and during the broader period of 1972 and 2007. Overall the "Condition of Education" reports focus on participation and persistence in education, student performance and other measures of achievement, as well as the environment for learning and resources for education. The 2009 report includes 46 indicators. (Contains 2 figures and 4 tables.) [Information and corresponding tables are taken directly from "The Condition of Education 2009" therefore the pagination may not be sequential. For full report "The Condition of Education 2009," see ED505415. For "The Condition of Education 2009 in Brief," see ED505416.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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