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Descriptors:
Creativity; Economic Development; Cultural Differences; Foreign Countries; Labor Force; Labor Economics; Community Development; Cultural Pluralism; Creativity; Information Technology

Abstract:
The growing dominance of the creative economy challenges cities and regions to move beyond the impulse toward "big ticket" economic development strategies like stadiums and convention centres and consider increased support for community-level strategies that encourage social and cultural diversity. Vibrant street scenes, eclectic restaurants and social venues, and acceptance of those who defy the cultural norms produce the places where creative, innovative, and talented people want to live and work. This creative class represents a critical component to economic success and prosperity. The research described in this paper underscores the economic importance of national and regional policy issues like the nurturing of arts and creativity in communities and educational systems, immigration and settlement policies, and support for marginalized populations like the gay and lesbian community. Recent American efforts to restrict marriage to heterosexual couples and curtail immigration could have unfortunate economic consequences by limiting the creative and innovative possibilities associated with a vibrant and diverse society. Conversely, Canada's recent movement toward legalization of civil marriage for same-sex couples bodes well as a demonstration of a willingness to embrace and support social and cultural diversity. (Contains 3 figures and 9 endnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Child Care; Child Welfare; Employed Parents; Family Status; Low Income Groups; Minority Groups; One Parent Family; Preschool Children; School Age Child Care

Abstract:
This study examined findings from the 1999 National Survey of America's Families about primary child care arrangements for children under age 13 years while the adults most responsible for them are employed. It compared arrangements made by lower- versus higher-income parents and single- versus two-parent families and examines differences across selected states in 1999 and changes between 1997 and 1999 for the nation overall. Results found significant differences by family type. Preschool children with single parents, regardless of income, were more likely than their two-parent counterparts to use center-based care. School-age children with single parents were more likely to use before- and after-school programs than children with two parents. Within each of group, higher-income families used group-based programs more than lower-income families. Between 1997 and 1999, center-based care declined for preschool children as the use of relatives increased. Among school-age children, the use of relatives increased as self-care declined. While the economy prospered, low-income single parents' wages increased, welfare programs changed, and child care funding expanded in the late 1990s, types of child care accessed by low-income, single parent households with preschool children remained constant, while low-income, two-parent families with preschool children experienced shifts in distribution of arrangements. (Contains 10 references.) (SM) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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 ERIC Full Text (456K)

Descriptors:
Demography; Family (Sociological Unit); Homosexuality; Place of Residence; Tables (Data)

Abstract:
This report presents information from the 2000 United States Census on gay and lesbian families. It notes that the 2000 numbers for same-sex unmarried partner households are a dramatic increase from 1990, but the total number still represents an undercount of the actual number of gay or lesbian coupled households in the country. The Human Rights Campaign estimates that the 2000 U.S. Census count of gay and lesbian families could be undercounted by as much as 62 percent. The 2000 Census reported 601,209 total gay and lesbian families (as opposed to 145,130 in 1990), with California, New York, Texas, and Florida leading the country in total number of same-sex unmarried partner households. Gay and lesbian families live in 99.3 percent of all counties in the United States, compared to 52 percent of all counties in 1990. Many gay and lesbian families live outside major metropolitan areas. Census 2000 reports 88,606 or 15 percent of gay and lesbian families are living outside of metropolitan statistical areas in rural settings. As more information is released from the Census Bureau, the number of children living in gay and lesbian coupled households, income levels, racial profiles, home ownership, and other important demographics may be determined. (SM) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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 ERIC Full Text (229K)