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Descriptors:
Mental Retardation; Developmental Disabilities; Classification; Definitions; Guides; Best Practices; Guidelines; Clinical Diagnosis; Disability Identification; Special Education; Allied Health Occupations Education; School Psychology; Intelligence Quotient; Cognitive Measurement

Abstract:
This Manual contains the most current and authoritative information and knowledge on intellectual disability, including best practice guidelines on diagnosing and classifying intellectual disability and developing a system of supports for people living with an intellectual disability. Written by a committee of 18 experts, "Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports" (11th edition) is based on seven years of work on: (1) a synthesis of current information and best practices regarding intellectual disability; (2) numerous reviews and critiques of the 10th edition of the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) definition manual; and (3) feedback from the field regarding a series of articles published by the Committee. This is the first official AAIDD definition manual with the terminology "Intellectual Disability" (formerly mental retardation). Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Measurement; Cooperation; Developmental Disabilities; Well Being; Quality of Life; Social Indicators; State Standards; National Standards

Abstract:
In the past 10 years, people have witnessed significant changes in the nature and extent of the publicly financed systems of services and supports for individuals with developmental disabilities and their families. Growing service needs, declining state revenues, mounting pressures on federal and state Medicaid budgets, and heightened federal quality management expectations are placing increasing demands on state developmental disabilities agencies to improve accountability, more effectively track outcomes, and strengthen their capacity to assess and improve service quality and responsiveness. The initiation of the National Core Indicators collaboration 10 years ago was in direct response to these and other forces. This article describes the continuing growth of the National Core Indicators program in the 10 years since its implementation in 1997, expanding both the scope of its performance measures and the number of states involved. Future activities will continue to include analyses of the information included in the exhaustive National Core Indicators database. The National Core Indicators represent an unprecedented interstate collaboration. It has increased and enriched the conversation about performance measurement and assisted more than half of the states in the country to respond to the increasing pressure to manage systems in a more databased fashion. As this collective enterprise continues to expand, the hope is that it will also increase the quality and responsiveness of services and supports and, therefore, will improve the lives and well-being of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their families. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Intervention; Developmental Disabilities; Drug Therapy; Misconceptions; Criticism; Milieu Therapy; Severe Mental Retardation; Young Children

Abstract:
Gunther and Diekema (2006) have described a controversial intervention they provided to Ashley, a 6-year-old girl with profound and multiple impairments, which they refer to as "growth-attenuation therapy." This intervention, approved and apparently promoted by the parents, consisted of high doses of estrogen to bring about a permanent attenuation in her size. Together with a hysterectomy and removal of both breast buds, the intention was to minimize the likelihood of a future out-of-home placement by maximizing the future comfort of this child and ensuring a manageable care-giving burden for parents who wanted very much to maintain their daughter in their loving environment. As the current leadership of the former American Association on Mental Retardation and now the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, the authors view growth attenuation as a totally unacceptable option. They share the concerns raised by Brosco and Feudtner (2006), and add their own to theirs. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Developmental Disabilities; Family Counseling; Health Services; Inclusive Schools; Self Determination; Services

Abstract:
Explores the ideals associated with reform in systems of support for people with developmental disabilities. In particular the ways in which these ideals are fueling initiatives around the country, the challenges that constraint their full realization, and the steps that must be taken to keep the developmental disabilities system moving in a progressive direction are discussed. (Author/MKA)

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Accessibility (for Disabled); Adults; Case Studies; Community Programs; Deinstitutionalization (of Disabled); Mass Media Role; Mental Retardation; Placement; Quality Control; Quality of Life; Residential Institutions; Residential Programs; Services; State Programs

Abstract:
This study examined the impact of deinstitutionalization of the mentally retarded on their communities, the extent of availability of support services, and the extent to which the Connecticut Department of Mental Retardation assures adequate quality of support services and day programs for people with mental retardation living in community residential facilities. Project components include: (1) a research literature review; (2) a description of the current system of planning, residential development and quality assurance; (3) case studies of six communities where people with mental retardation have been relocated from institutions; (4) content analysis of relevant media coverage; (5) a study of 12 individual placements into community-based residences in these six communities; and (6) a phone survey of 5 service providers in non-urban areas aimed at discovering problems experienced in accessing services for their residents. Results call for "fine tuning" of planning, placement, transitions, community entry/development, accessibility, quality assurance, and global issues. The appendixes include: the study design and interview guides; a literature review; and a description of the formal system. Includes 47 references. (PB) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Adaptive Behavior (of Disabled); Definitions; Delivery Systems; Developmental Disabilities; Eligibility; Human Services; Policy Formation; State Programs; State Standards

Abstract:
The report examines implications of applying a functional rather than categorical definition of disabilities to Connecticut's services for the developmentally disabled. Specific objectives included preparation of an overview of services available, an analysis of policy options and system constraints, an analysis of the implications of reorganizing services, and a discussion of implementation phases. The first section of the report lists project goals and project methods and products. The second section describes a policy framework underlying the project's general approach to policy development. The following section describes the project context including trends at the federal level, the historical background of the service system in Connecticut, the extent of the current service system and the strengths and weaknesses of programs for persons with disabilities. The next section describes the experience of other states (New Jersey, Ohio, Maryland, Hawaii, California) that have reorganized their services along more functional lines. The final section presents the principles that should govern the service system, the outlines of recommended changes, the implications of such changes regarding demand and cost, and the ramifications for service eligibility procedures. This concluding section also discusses implementation phases. An appendix contains instruments used to screen adult applicants to the Division of Developmental Disabilities. (DB) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Adaptive Behavior (of Disabled); Adult Day Care; Adults; Agency Role; Community Programs; Community Support; Cost Estimates; Deinstitutionalization (of Disabled); Delivery Systems; Financial Support; Group Homes; Mainstreaming; Program Costs; Recruitment; Rehabilitation; Residential Programs; Severe Mental Retardation; Staff Utilization

Abstract:
The report explores the feasibility of placing 565 severely mentally retarded residents of the Georgia Retardation Center and Southwestern Developmental Center at Bainbridge, Georgia, in alternative community living and daytime arrangements. The seven mental retardation service areas which had placed most of these residents were the focus of intensive review through site visits, systematic surveys, key-informant interviews, and review of existing records. Project objectives included analyses of service demand, community support, staff availability, system management, service capacity, and start-up costs. Part One outlines the study methodology, describes the target population and target facilities, assesses components of the community and state system, reviews characteristics of service personnel, and raises issues central to institutional phase-down. Part Two contains strategy recommendations for personnel recruitment and retention, describes services required to meet the needs of the target population and the costs of those services, suggests sources of funding, proposes a transition strategy, and lays out an implementation schedule. Appendices include references, sample surveys, sample standards for South Carolina facilities serving persons with developmental disabilities, tables showing projected service requirements and costs, and architectural designs and estimated costs for community living facilities. (JW) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Agency Role; Chronic Illness; Client Characteristics (Human Services); Cost Effectiveness; Evaluation Criteria; Evaluation Methods; Mental Disorders; Mental Health Programs; Participant Satisfaction; Productivity; Program Effectiveness; Program Evaluation; Psychological Services; Rehabilitation Programs

Abstract:
The monograph advances a conceptual framework for the evaluation of mental health services provided to chronically mentally ill persons by psychosocial rehabilitation programs. Evaluation mechanisms consistent with the philosophy and programmatic aims of psychosocial rehabilitation programs are identified. An introductory section provides a brief history of the psychosocial rehabilitation movement, proposes a conceptual framework, and highlights existing evaluation publications which may be of use to program administrators. The next five sections describe components of a comprehensive evaluation strategy, focusing on the following dimensions of psychosocial rehabilitation programs: (1) input (agency mission, client characteristics and needs, staff competencies, financial condition); (2) process (program practices, program connectedness, match to need); (3) output (productivity evaluation, staff productivity); (4) outcome (client satisfaction, family satisfaction, client outcomes); (5) output/outcome (cost effectiveness, cost/benefit analysis). Within each section, relevant literature is reviewed, specific techniques described, methodological concerns aired, and resource constraints noted. The final section discusses the implications of evaluation, including the uses of information to improve services, the role of "inside" versus "outside" evaluation, and the potential future directions that evaluation is likely to take. A bibliography and appendix containing a client evaluation survey conclude the document. (JW) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Accountability; Agency Cooperation; Community Services; Delivery Systems; Developmental Disabilities; Financial Support; Needs Assessment; Planning; Program Design; Residential Programs

Abstract:
The report describes a 1.5-year project to create a comprehensive plan for the development of residential services for persons with developmental disabilities in New Mexico. Findings represent input from advocates, family members, state officials, community representatives, legislators, and local service administrators. Part One of the report describes the context and guiding concepts for the plan, touching on issues of service system design, implementation, and overall goals. An overview of the target population is also presented. Information collected on the incidence and prevalence of developmental disabilities in the state is reviewed, service demands projected, and the current service system described in comparison to other states. Part Two of the report presents the phased objectives that comprise the recommendations for system development and expansion over the next five years. Objectives cover all aspects of implementation, including planning, needs assessment, quality assurance and monitoring, system organization, resource development, management and information, finance, and interagency cooperation. The report includes references, 41 figures, and five appendices (sample survey forms and interview guide, descriptions of levels of functioning and of client services, and information on the Inventory for Client and Agency Planning. (JW) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Disabilities; Family Programs; Placement; Program Development; State Aid; State Programs

Abstract:
The history, philosophy, and importance of family support programs to enhance caregiving capacities of families with disabled children are recounted. Information from a survey of state family support programs is summarized, and successful aspects of Michigan's support subsidy are described. (CL)

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