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Descriptors:
Self Efficacy; Measures (Individuals); Physical Health; Social Sciences; Depression (Psychology); Gender Differences; Correlation; Psychological Patterns; Burnout; Well Being; Mental Health; Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Computer Software; Alienation; Academic Achievement; College Students; Foreign Countries

Abstract:
Loneliness is a common problem for many students. Research indicates that loneliness is associated with relatively poor physical health and depression among students. Burnout in students is also an important issue since it adversely affects students' learning as well as their health and well-being. Both loneliness and learning burnout are related to negative psychological health, and there might exist a relationship between them. This study is to understand the current situation of students' loneliness and learning burnout and further to explore the relationships between the two. The "Loneliness Scale" and "Learning Burnout Scale" are used as research tools, and data from 1788 students were collected. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was utilized to analyze the data, and the major findings shed light on whether there are differences between males and females with regard to experiencing higher loneliness and learning burnout symptoms. Results also show the relationship of the level of student loneliness and its correlation or otherwise with factors of learning burnout such as low sense of achievement and negative learning emotion. (Contains 6 tables and 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Young Adults; Foreign Countries; Generational Differences; Cross Cultural Studies; Cultural Differences; Longitudinal Studies; Economic Factors; Public Policy; Job Security; Occupational Aspiration; Well Being; Public Health; Social Justice; Social Influences; Equal Opportunities (Jobs); Physical Health; Mental Health; Marriage

Abstract:
This paper reaches into a comprehensive study of a generation of young people in Australia, drawing on a comparison with Canadian longitudinal data. It argues that this is a generation of reluctant change makers who have created new ways of living as a response to economic changes and government policies. These new ways of living, once exposed, "speak back" to neoliberal policies, exposing their human costs. Australians found it more difficult than their Canadian counterparts to establish secure jobs and households, impacting on their patterns of family formation. These changes have secondary effects in other areas of young people's lives, particularly in health and well-being where patterns of inequality are reflected in levels of mental and physical problems--exposing the poverty of neoliberal policies. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Higher Education; Well Being; Physical Health; Foreign Countries; Job Satisfaction; Stress Variables; Employees; Least Squares Statistics; Measures (Individuals); College Faculty; Mental Health

Abstract:
Extensive change is evident in higher education in the People's Republic of China but there have been few studies of the effect of work stress on wellbeing in the higher education sector. The main aim of this study is to test and refine the ASSET ("An Organizational Stress Screening Tool") model of occupational stress in a sample of 150 academic and non-academic employees in a Chinese higher education institute. Using partial least squares modelling, the findings showed that job stressors predicted job dissatisfaction but, surprisingly, did not predict perceived commitment. Employees who reported job dissatisfaction tended to perceive that their organisation was less committed towards them and report less commitment towards the organisation. Job stressors resulted in poorer psychological wellbeing. Greater psychological wellbeing was associated with greater physical wellbeing. The findings suggest that university management should introduce strategies aimed at minimising job stressors as these would result in higher level of job satisfaction, higher level of commitment and ultimately resulted in an improvement in physical health. (Contains 3 tables, 3 figures, and 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Attendance; Self Efficacy; Adolescents; Questionnaires; Foreign Countries; Family Life; Peer Influence; Stress Variables; Correlation; Well Being; Emotional Response; Physical Health; Mental Health; Drinking; Alcohol Abuse

Abstract:
Previous research has suggested an association between heightened levels of stress among adolescents and reduced levels of mental, physical and emotional well-being. This study sought to examine the relationship between 10 domains of adolescent stress and self-reported drinking behaviour. A total of 610 adolescents, aged 12-16 years old, were recruited from high schools in Northern Ireland. In addition to completing questionnaires on drinking behaviour and stress, participants completed questionnaires assessing self-esteem and three domains of self-efficacy. Bivariate results suggested that more problematic drinking was associated with higher levels of stress in 9 out of 10 stress domains. More fully controlled regression analyses revealed a domain-specific relationship between stress and drinking behaviour such that more problematic drinking was associated with more self-reported stress from home life, school attendance and financial pressure, but lower stress from peer pressure and school performance. These results suggest that it is a combination of a heightened occurrence of some stressors and a lower occurrence of others that is associated with more problematic drinking among adolescents. Future prospective research might investigate to what extent these relationships precede and therefore help predict adolescent drinking. (Contains 3 tables and 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Well Being; Mental Health; Ethnicity; Physical Health; Asian Americans; Least Squares Statistics; Regression (Statistics); Resilience (Psychology); Social Indicators; Multiracial Persons; Measures (Individuals); Surveys; Correlation; Indigenous Populations

Abstract:
Focusing on Hawaii, a state with 21.3% of the population being multi-racial according to the 2010 U.S. Census, this study aims to examine the existence and nature of health disparities between mono- and multi-ethnic Asian Americans and the importance of Relational Well-Being in affecting the health of Asian Americans. A series of ordinary least squares regression models that examine the direct and moderating effect of multi-ethnicity with indices of Relational Well-Being on physical health and mental health were estimated using Asian American data in the 2008 Hawaii Health Survey (N = 2,440). Multi-ethnic Asian Americans are found to enjoy better physical health and mental health compared to their mono-ethnic counterparts. Indices of Relational Well-Being such as Sense of Security, Sense of Resilience, and Sense of Family are stronger independent correlates of mental health compared to multi-ethnicity. Multi-ethnicity moderates the effect of some indices of Relational Well-Being such that Sense of Security benefits mental health and physical health more for the multi-ethnic group whereas Sense of Resilience benefits mental health more for the mono-ethnic group. Findings underscore the importance of multi-ethnicity and the construct of Relational Well-Being, which has its origins in both indigenous and Asian cultures, in understanding the health disparities among Asian Americans. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Pregnancy; Well Being; Depression (Psychology); Mothers; Fathers; Nurses; Prediction; Children; Mental Health; Physical Health; Prenatal Influences; Measures (Individuals); Behavior Problems; Risk; Health Services; Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Preadolescents; Foreign Countries; Therapy; Help Seeking

Abstract:
In a prospective population-based study, mothers and fathers of 1,247 children reported their physical and mental health during pregnancy, after delivery, within the child's first 18 months of life, and at 12 years. Additionally, maternal health clinic nurses rated parents' well-being and perceived need for support. At age 12, child outcomes were also measured using CBCL and YSR externalizing and internalizing scales. Results indicate that both ante- and postnatal maternal distress predicted future externalizing problems in offspring. Conversely, fathers' postnatal distress predicted subsequent internalizing problems. Furthermore, mother's depressed mood in the first trimester best predicted the child's externalizing problems at age 12. Nurses's ratings of mother's antenatal and perinatal need for support, perinatal distress, and family's need for support were associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems at age 12. Maternal antenatal distress increases the risk of offspring's externalizing problems in preadolescense, and postnatal distress in either parent increases the risk of internalizing problems. Parental self-reports and indirect ratings from health care providers during pregnancy and infancy may therefore reliably recognize offspring at risk for subsequent psychiatric symptomatology. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Goal Orientation; Intervention; Well Being; Mental Health; Older Adults; Physical Health; Anxiety; Depression (Psychology); Community Resources; Barriers; Health Insurance; Aging (Individuals); Access to Health Care; Social Bias; Volunteers; Safety; Program Descriptions; Program Evaluation; Quality of Life; Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Health Services

Abstract:
Purpose: Stigma and lack of access to providers create barriers to mental health treatment for older adults living in the community. In order to address these barriers, we developed and evaluated a peer support intervention for older adults receiving Medicaid services. Design and Methods: Reclaiming Joy is a mental health intervention that pairs an older adult volunteer with a participant (older adult who receives peer support). Volunteers receive training on the strengths-based approach, mental health and aging, goal setting and attainment, community resources, and safety. Participant-volunteer pairs meet once a week for 10 weeks. Participants establish and work toward goals (e.g., better self-care, social engagement) that they feel would improve their mental health and well-being. Aging services agencies provide a part time person to manage the program, match volunteers and participants, and provide ongoing support. Outcomes evaluation for this pilot study included pre/postintervention assessments of participants. Results: Thirty-two participants completed the intervention. Pre/postassessment group means showed statistically significant improvement for depression but not for symptoms of anxiety. Quality-of-life indicators for health and functioning also improved for participants with symptoms of both depression and anxiety. Implications: The Reclaiming Joy peer support intervention has potential for reducing depression and increasing quality of life in low-income older adults who have physical health conditions. It is feasible to administer and sustain the intervention through collaborative efforts with minimal program resources and a small amount of technical assistance. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Outcome Measures; Well Being; Mental Health; Questionnaires; Physical Health; Older Adults; Health Services; Social Support Groups; Guidelines; Schemata (Cognition)

Abstract:
For older adults receiving long-term services and supports (LTSS), health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has emerged as a critical construct to examine because of its focus on components of well-being, which are affected by progressive changes in health status, health care, and social support. HRQoL is a health-focused quality of life (QOL) concept that encompasses aspects of QOL that affect health such as function, physical, and emotional health. Examining existing theoretical constructs and indicators of HRQoL among LTSS recipients led us to posit a revised conceptual framework for studying HRQoL among LTSS recipients. We adapted the Wilson and Cleary HRQoL model by expanding function to specifically include cognition, adding behavior and LTSS environmental characteristics in order to create a more robust HRQoL conceptual framework for older adults receiving LTSS. This refined conceptual model allows for the measurement of a mix of structural, process, and outcome measures. Continued development of a multidimensional conceptual framework with specific HRQoL measures that account for the unique characteristics of older adults receiving LTSS will contribute significantly to LTSS research, policy, and planning efforts. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Racial Attitudes; Teacher Expectations of Students; African American Students; Science Achievement; Teacher Attitudes; Stereotypes; Barriers; Occupational Aspiration; College Students; Scientists; Science Careers; Sociocultural Patterns; Career Choice; Scientific Research; Career Development; Females

Abstract:
The body of research aimed at explaining the science teaching and learning of African Americans has identified myriad factors that correlate with African American's science career choices and science performance generally. It has not, however, offered any satisfactory explanations as to why those factors are disproportionately racially determined. This article argues that the sociocultural construction of race, which has roots in antebellum Western society, has endured to the present day; and that there is sufficient historical tradition and empirical evidence to warrant a research agenda that accounts for the sociocultural construction of race in explaining African American science education. The article concludes by suggesting a set of research questions and theoretical perspectives that considers the sociocultural construction of race to guide future research. (Contains 7 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
African American Students; Community Colleges; College Faculty; College Students; Enrollment Trends; Academic Persistence; School Holding Power; Dormitories; Cultural Influences; National Surveys; Academic Advising; Student Characteristics; Institutional Characteristics; Graduation Rate; Academic Achievement; Socioeconomic Status; Remedial Programs; At Risk Students; Time to Degree; Student Financial Aid; Student Employment; College Preparation; Student Motivation; Study Habits; Education Work Relationship; Family Influence; Student Personnel Services; Student Behavior; School Safety; Student Needs; Laboratories; Cooperative Learning; Student Placement; Tutoring; Learning Laboratories; Cooperative Planning; Goal Orientation; Educational Technology; Internship Programs; Career Counseling; Summer Programs; School Orientation; Student Leadership; Libraries; College Freshmen; Workshops; First Generation College Students; Supplementary Education; Mentors; Mental Health; Physical Health; Educational Quality; Extracurricular Activities; Peer Relationship; Coping; Relevance (Education); Educational Administration; Fraternities; Sororities; Teacher Attitudes; Honors Curriculum; Faculty Development; Public Colleges; Private Colleges; Minority Groups; English (Second Language); Females; Homosexuality

Abstract:
This report presents the findings for four year colleges and universities with twenty percent or more Black students enrolled that participated in ACT's 2010 What Works in Student Retention survey. The report contains information pertinent to only these institutions. Appendices include: (1) Data for Four Year Colleges and Universities with greater than or equal to 20% Black Student Enrollment; and (2) What Works in Student Retention Instrument. (Contains 13 tables.) [For the main report, "What Works in Student Retention? Fourth National Survey. Report for All Colleges and Universities", see ED510474.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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