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Descriptors:
Intervention; Depression (Psychology); Peer Relationship; Grade 5; Urban Youth; Grade 4; Elementary School Students; Stress Management; Metacognition; Physical Activities; Mental Health; Control Groups; Correlation; Behavior Modification; Cognitive Restructuring

Abstract:
This study examines gender, grade-level, and baseline depressive symptoms as potential moderators of a school-based mindfulness intervention's impact on the self-regulatory outcomes of urban youth. Ninety-seven participants from four urban public schools were randomly assigned to an intervention or wait-list control condition. Fourth and fifth graders in the intervention condition received a 12-week yoga-inspired mindfulness program. Using methods outlined by Aiken and West (1991), a series of models estimated the interaction effect of moderators of interest on adjusted posttest self-regulatory outcomes. Results indicate that gender and grade did not moderate intervention impacts. However, baseline depressive symptoms moderated both impulsive action and involuntary engagement stress responses such that intervention youth reporting lower levels of baseline depressive symptoms were more likely to evidence decreases in these problematic stress responses relative to control youth. Findings highlight the need for future studies to examine moderators of mindfulness-based interventions impacts on youth outcomes. (Contains 2 figures, 2 tables, and 2 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Intervention; Early Adolescents; Inhibition; Cognitive Development; Metacognition; Correlation; Executive Function; Gender Differences; Age Differences; Physiology; Grade 4; Grade 5; Regression (Statistics); Scores; Task Analysis; Predictor Variables; Health Promotion; Well Being; Measures (Individuals); Computer Assisted Testing; Elementary School Students

Abstract:
This study examined the relationship between the executive control process of inhibition and self-reported dispositional mindfulness, controlling for gender, grade, and cortisol levels in 99 (43% female) fourth- and fifth-graders ([X-bar] = 10.23 years, SD = 0.53). Students completed a measure of mindful attention awareness and a computerized executive function (EF) task assessing inhibitory control. Morning cortisol levels also were collected and were used as an indicator of neuroendocrine regulation. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, after controlling for gender, grade, and cortisol levels, higher scores on the mindfulness attention awareness measure significantly predicted greater accuracy (% correct responses) on the inhibitory control task. This research contributes to understanding the predictors of EF skills in early adolescents' cognitive development. Specifically, it identifies mindfulness--a skill that can be fostered and trained in intervention programs to promote health and well-being--as significantly related to inhibitory processes in early adolescence. (Contains 2 tables, 1 figure and 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Physical Activities; Quality of Life; Child Health; Children; Cerebral Palsy; Intervention; Psychological Patterns; Well Being; Parents; Expectation; Physical Fitness

Abstract:
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) following a stationary cycling intervention in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Method: This was a phase I multisite randomized controlled trial with single blinding. HRQOL was evaluated using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory SF15 (PedsQL; children) and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI; parent proxy) before and after a 3 month stationary cycling intervention. Sixty-two children (29 male, 33 female; mean age 11y; range 7-18y) with spastic diplegic CP, classified as levels I to III on the Gross Motor Function Classification System, were enrolled. Paired and independent t-tests were used to evaluate within- and between-group differences respectively. Results: Between-group differences, favoring the cycling group, were found for PedsQL emotional functioning (p = 0.046) and Parental PODCI treatment expectations scores (p = 0.006). Between-group differences were not found for other scales. Within-group improvements were found in the cycling group: PedsQL total score (+5.8; p = 0.006), psychosocial health summary (+6.9; p = 0.008), and school functioning (+8.0; p = 0.038). PODCI satisfaction with symptoms decreased significantly only in the control group (-12.0; p = 0.046). Interpretation: A beneficial influence of exercise on pediatric emotional well-being and parental treatment expectations was found. The evidence was not strong for other aspects of HRQOL. Results support the positive relationship between physical fitness and emotional well-being in the general population. A child's perception is important when examining change in his or her emotional well-being due to intervention. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Job Satisfaction; Urban Areas; Psychological Patterns; Positive Attitudes; Economic Climate; Physical Activities; Social Indicators; Sociometric Techniques; Quality of Working Life; Well Being; Life Satisfaction; Psychometrics; Surveys; Transportation; Employee Attitudes

Abstract:
Research suggests that for many people happiness is being able to make the routines of everyday life work, such that positive feelings dominate over negative feelings resulting from daily hassles. In line with this, a survey of work commuters in the three largest urban areas of Sweden show that satisfaction with the work commute contributes to overall happiness. It is also found that feelings during the commutes are predominantly positive or neutral. Possible explanatory factors include desirable physical exercise from walking and biking, as well as that short commutes provide a buffer between the work and private spheres. For longer work commutes, social and entertainment activities either increase positive affects or counteract stress and boredom. Satisfaction with being employed in a recession may also spill over to positive experiences of work commutes. (Contains 5 tables and 3 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Psychology; Graduate Students; Anxiety; Burnout; Stress Management; Metacognition; Physical Activities; Mental Health; Cognitive Psychology; Higher Education; Daily Living Skills; Well Being

Abstract:
Psychology graduate students experience unique stressors resulting from academic tasks and regular exposure to emotional distress (Stratton, Kellaway, & Rottini, 2007). Pervasive stress may eventually lead to burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment (Maslach, 1986). Burnout impinges on academic performance and quality of services provided to clients (Maslach, 1982). It is imperative that this population practice self-care regularly to prevent the state of burnout. Yoga encompasses physical postures and breathing exercises that facilitate mindfulness. This project incorporates a selective literature review that examines the research revolving around the psychological and physical benefits of emotional well-being resulting from the practice of yoga. I apply this research to develop a theory of self-care for graduate students in psychology that practicing yoga may serve as a resource for preventing burnout in graduate trainees. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Females; Intervention; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Low Income; Metacognition; African Americans; Family Violence; Feedback (Response); Observation; Stress Management; Counseling Techniques; Behavior Modification

Abstract:
In this article, we consider the use of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR; Kabat-Zinn, 1991) as a community-based intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among low-income, predominantly African American women with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV). The results of a pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) of MBSR as an intervention for PTSD with this population are forthcoming. In this article, we present our rationale for using MBSR as an intervention for PTSD with this population, describe MBSR and our adaptation of the curriculum and its implementation, and discuss the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention based on participants' feedback and our observations. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Metabolism; Child Abuse; Adolescents; Psychological Patterns; Interpersonal Competence; Stress Variables; Stress Management; Correlation; Physiology; Low Income Groups; Urban Areas

Abstract:
Experience with and management of stress has implications for adolescents' behavioral and socioemotional development. This study examined the relationship between adolescents' physiological response to an acute laboratory stressor (i.e., Trier Social Stress Test; TSST) and anger regulation and interpersonal competence in a sample of 175 low-income urban adolescents (51.8% girls). Findings suggested that heightened reactivity as indicated by cortisol, heart rate, and blood pressure was associated with increased interpersonal competence and anger regulation. However, these findings were context dependent such that, for youth high in self-reported child maltreatment, heightened reactivity was associated with decreased interpersonal competence and anger regulation. Results highlight the importance of considering how context may condition the effect of stress reactivity on functioning during adolescence. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Intervention; Health Education; Mental Health; Grade 9; Psychological Patterns; Stress Management; Physiology; African Americans; Adolescents; At Risk Persons; Hypertension; Scores; Outcomes of Education; Correlation

Abstract:
This study examined the impact of breathing awareness meditation (BAM), life skills (LS) training, and health education (HE) interventions on self-reported hostility and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in 121 African American (AA) ninth graders at increased risk for development of essential hypertension. They were randomly assigned to BAM, LS, or HE and engaged in intervention sessions during health class for 3 months. Before, after, and 3 months following intervention cessation, self-reported hostility and 24-hour ABP were measured. Results indicated that between pre- and postintervention, BAM participants displayed significant reductions in self-reported hostility and 24-hour systolic ABP. Reductions in hostility were significantly related to reductions in 24-hour systolic ABP. Between postintervention and follow-up, participants receiving LS showed a significant reduction in hostility but not in 24-hour ABP. Significant changes were not found for the HE group in 24-hour ABP or self-reported hostility, but these change scores were significantly correlated. The implications of the findings are discussed with regard to behavioral stress reduction programs for the physical and emotional health of AAs. (Contains 4 tables and 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Mental Health; Depression (Psychology); Life Satisfaction; Well Being; Residential Care; Family Environment; Therapy; Mental Disorders; Futures (of Society); Health Services; Measures (Individuals); Foreign Countries; Intervention; Interviews; Children; Adolescents

Abstract:
The outcomes of youth accessing residential treatment or intensive home-based treatment are varied. Understanding youth's perceptions of their well-being may inform service. The purpose of this report was to explore perceptions of youth's mental health, life satisfaction, and outlook for the future. Youth reported ongoing struggles with mental health disorders, depression in particular, though youth also reported a sense of well-being and a positive outlook for the future. Many youth were able to articulate the improvements in their mental health and functioning after accessing intensive mental health treatment. Youth also divulged perceptions of their treatment and care. Implications are discussed. (Contains 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Goal Orientation; Intervention; Well Being; Mental Health; Older Adults; Physical Health; Anxiety; Depression (Psychology); Community Resources; Barriers; Health Insurance; Aging (Individuals); Access to Health Care; Social Bias; Volunteers; Safety; Program Descriptions; Program Evaluation; Quality of Life; Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Health Services

Abstract:
Purpose: Stigma and lack of access to providers create barriers to mental health treatment for older adults living in the community. In order to address these barriers, we developed and evaluated a peer support intervention for older adults receiving Medicaid services. Design and Methods: Reclaiming Joy is a mental health intervention that pairs an older adult volunteer with a participant (older adult who receives peer support). Volunteers receive training on the strengths-based approach, mental health and aging, goal setting and attainment, community resources, and safety. Participant-volunteer pairs meet once a week for 10 weeks. Participants establish and work toward goals (e.g., better self-care, social engagement) that they feel would improve their mental health and well-being. Aging services agencies provide a part time person to manage the program, match volunteers and participants, and provide ongoing support. Outcomes evaluation for this pilot study included pre/postintervention assessments of participants. Results: Thirty-two participants completed the intervention. Pre/postassessment group means showed statistically significant improvement for depression but not for symptoms of anxiety. Quality-of-life indicators for health and functioning also improved for participants with symptoms of both depression and anxiety. Implications: The Reclaiming Joy peer support intervention has potential for reducing depression and increasing quality of life in low-income older adults who have physical health conditions. It is feasible to administer and sustain the intervention through collaborative efforts with minimal program resources and a small amount of technical assistance. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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