Your search found 36472 results.

Descriptors:
Substance Abuse; Sexual Abuse; Homeless People; Adolescents; Homosexuality; Depression (Psychology); Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Longitudinal Studies; Mental Disorders; Interviews; Correlation; Anxiety; Behavior Problems; Stress Variables; Runaways; Psychological Patterns; Interpersonal Relationship; Social Support Groups; Intervention

Abstract:
Although lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth with a history of homelessness (running away or being evicted from their homes by parents) report more psychological symptoms than homeless heterosexual peers, it is unclear whether symptoms are due to homelessness, given the absence of a non-homeless comparison group. This study longitudinally investigates whether LGB youth with a history of homelessness report more subsequent psychological symptoms than non-homeless LGB youth and examines potential mediators of any such relationships. Of the 156 LGB youth interviewed (49% female; 78% non-White), 48% reported past homeless experiences. Homelessness was associated with subsequent symptoms of anxiety, depression, conduct problems, and substance abuse and to changes in symptoms over time even after controlling for childhood sexual abuse and early development of sexual orientation. Stressful life events, negative social relationships, and social support from friends mediated the relationships between homelessness and symptomatology. These findings suggest the need for interventions to reduce stress and enhance social support among LGB youth with a history of homelessness in order to reduce psychological symptoms. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Child Abuse; Females; Risk; Adolescents; Path Analysis; Victims; Parenting Styles; Sexual Abuse; Young Adults; Delinquency; Dating (Social); Homeless People; Correlation; Parent Child Relationship; Affective Behavior; Child Neglect; Substance Abuse; Violence

Abstract:
Though research has examined risk factors associated with street victimization among homeless young people, little is known about dating violence experiences among this group. Given homeless youths' elevated rates of child maltreatment, it is likely that they are at high risk for dating violence. As such, the current study examined the association between child maltreatment and parental warmth with dating violence perpetration and victimization through substance use and delinquency among a sample of 172 homeless males and females. Results from path analysis revealed that physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect were all significant correlates of both substance use and delinquency, whereas lack of parental warmth was only associated with substance use. Neglect and substance use had direct effects on dating violence and substance use and was found to mediate the relationship between physical abuse and dating violence. Finally, females, older youth, and non-Whites had significantly higher levels of dating violence compared with their counterparts. (Contains 1 note, 2 tables and 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Well Being; Mental Health; Gender Discrimination; Social Bias; Homosexuality; Depression (Psychology); Victims of Crime; Sexual Identity; Longitudinal Studies; Youth; Sexual Orientation; Gender Issues; Adolescents; Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Suicide; Psychological Patterns; Comparative Analysis

Abstract:
Sexual minority youth (youth who are attracted to the same sex or endorse a gay/lesbian/bisexual identity) report significantly higher rates of depression and suicidality than heterosexual youth. The minority stress hypothesis contends that the stigma and discrimination experienced by sexual minority youth create a hostile social environment that can lead to chronic stress and mental health problems. The present study used longitudinal mediation models to directly test sexual minority-specific victimization as a potential explanatory mechanism of the mental health disparities of sexual minority youth. One hundred ninety-seven adolescents (14-19 years old; 70% female; 29% sexual minority) completed measures of sexual minority-specific victimization, depressive symptoms, and suicidality at two time points 6 months apart. Compared to heterosexual youth, sexual minority youth reported higher levels of sexual minority-specific victimization, depressive symptoms, and suicidality. Sexual minority-specific victimization significantly mediated the effect of sexual minority status on depressive symptoms and suicidality. The results support the minority stress hypothesis that targeted harassment and victimization are partly responsible for the higher levels of depressive symptoms and suicidality found in sexual minority youth. This research lends support to public policy initiatives that reduce bullying and hate crimes because reducing victimization can have a significant impact on the health and well-being of sexual minority youth. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Housing; Body Weight; Student Behavior; Homeless People; Child Abuse; Mothers; Child Welfare; Public Health; Attendance; Premature Infants; Well Being; Young Children; Risk; Public Schools; Grade 3; Elementary School Students; Urban Areas; Educational Policy; Early Parenthood; Telecommunications; Observation; Data Collection; Demography; Regression (Statistics); At Risk Students

Abstract:
This population-based study investigated the unique and cumulative relations between risks that are monitored by public surveillance systems and academic and behavioral outcomes for an entire cohort of third graders in a large, urban public school system. Using integrated, administrative records from child welfare, public health, housing, and education for a population of over 10,000 students, this study documented the disproportionate prevalence of early risks that included low birth weight or preterm birth, inadequate prenatal care, teen mother, high lead exposure, low maternal education, child maltreatment, and homelessness. Multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated that low maternal education (i.e., mothers without a high school degree) had the strongest association with third grade reading and math achievement, attendance, and school suspensions, controlling for child demographics, poverty, and all other risks. Classroom behavior was significantly influenced by familial and social risks (i.e., teen mother, low maternal education, homelessness, and maltreatment), but not biological risks (i.e., preterm or low birth weight and high lead). The cumulative number of risk experiences was significantly related to both academic and behavioral outcomes and was most strongly associated with school attendance problems. Implications of the study for national child welfare and educational policy are discussed. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Social Science Research; Homeless People; Ethnography; Social Sciences; Researchers; Homosexuality; Sexual Identity; Sex Role; Youth; Resistance to Change; Feminism; Metropolitan Areas; Federal Legislation; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Abstract:
In this ethnography of LGBTQ street youth, I argue that despite the regulation and containment of their bodies, queer street youth consistently create spaces of resistance that move them away from the tropes of infection, contamination, and deservedness that are inscripted onto the bodies of queer youth. Using the work of feminist philosopher Maria Lugones, this essay articulates a framework for resistance researchers--scholars who enact a "faithful witnessing" in solidarity with the communities they are describing, a movement away from the radical othering that often happens in social science research. It is in this positioning as a faithful witness that researchers can attend to the deconstruction of the discursive climates of deficit tropes that obscure the gestures and maneuvers of resistance. The tropes of contamination and irresponsibility intersect many of the experiences of LGBTQ street youth in ways that implicate not only LGBTQ street youth, but also other marginalized bodies. (Contains 9 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Child Abuse; Violence; Physical Education; Youth; News Reporting; Catholics; Sexual Abuse; Sexual Harassment; Disclosure; Churches; Criticism; Moral Values; History; Athletics; Child Welfare; Child Safety

Abstract:
When the sexual abuse of children is revealed, it is often found that other nonabusing adults were aware of the abuse but failed to act. During the past twenty years or so, the concealment of child sexual abuse (CSA) within organizations has emerged as a key challenge for child protection work. Recent events at Pennsylvania State University (PSU) received unprecedented media coverage and many commentators observed similarities with the abuse scandals in organized religion. Drawing upon Pierre Bourdieu's critique of the Catholic Church, this article problematizes the emphasis on the moral failings of individual elites, arguing that concealment of CSA is an historical feature of organized sport. It concludes that the emergence of child protection agendas in sport must be accompanied by more reflexive analyses about youth-sport if we are to significantly improve our capacity to safeguard children and young people from sexual violence within sport and physical education contexts. (Contains 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Homosexuality; Males; Victims of Crime; Sexual Abuse; Masculinity; Social Bias; Sexual Identity; Social Attitudes; Identification (Psychology); Violence; Foreign Countries; Semi Structured Interviews

Abstract:
The impact and meanings of homophobic violence on gay men's identities are explored with a particular focus on their identities as men and as gay men. Homosexuality can pose a challenge to conventional masculinities, and for some gay men, being victimized on account of sexual orientation reawakens conflicts about their masculinity that they thought they had resolved. Being victimized can reinvoke shame that is rooted in failure or unwillingness to uphold masculine norms. For some gay men, victimization therefore has connotations of nonmasculinity that make being a victim an undesirable status, yet that status must be claimed to obtain a response from criminal justice or victim services. Men who experience homophobic abuse are helped by accepting a victim identity, but only if they can quickly move on from it by reconstructing a masculine gay (nonvictim) identity. This process can be facilitated by agencies such as the police and victim services, provided they help men exercise agency in "fighting back," that is, resisting further victimization and recovering. (Contains 4 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Child Abuse; Risk; Student Attitudes; Foreign Countries; Sexual Abuse; Disabilities; Trust (Psychology); Child Welfare; Public Agencies; Employees; Screening Tests; Correlation

Abstract:
Child services organisations need policies that minimise the risk of sexual abuse of the children in their care. In particular, managers (and the public) are justifiably concerned when abuse is perpetrated by individuals who should not have been working with children in the first place. Unfortunately, there has been relatively little work on determining unacceptable risk for sexually abusive behaviour in child service organisations. The purpose of this paper is to describe the contexts in which screening procedures are appropriate, review the academic literature on screening procedures and present the results of a pilot survey of current screening practices in the United Kingdom. We comment on the effectiveness of screening measures available for use by organisations and provide suggestions for improvement. Specifically, we recommend that screening procedures consider risk factors associated with the onset and persistence of child sexual abuse perpetration. (Contains 4 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Human Services; Homeless People; Housing; Youth; Sexuality; Risk; Substance Abuse; Individual Characteristics; Incidence; Attendance; Youth Programs

Abstract:
Services for homeless youth traditionally provided shelter and nourishment but do little to break the cycle of homelessness. A more comprehensive approach to serve homeless youth is the drop-in center model that provides safe and easy-to-find facilities within communities to bridge the gap between the streets and transitional/permanent housing. Research describing homeless youth who utilize drop-in centers is lacking. This study examines characteristics/preferences of 96 homeless adolescents attending one of two drop-in centers in Southern California. Homeless youth reported high prevalence of risk behaviors regardless of the center of attendance. Furthermore, our analyses revealed significant differences related to demographics, sexual risk behaviors, and substance use between homeless youth at the two drop-in centers. These findings illuminate the specific characteristics and preferences of homeless youth who attend drop-in centers and can be used to inform providers, advocates, and policy makers. (Contains 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Youth; Child Welfare; Foster Care; Runaways; Homeless People; Intimacy; Juvenile Justice; Interpersonal Relationship; At Risk Persons; Disadvantaged Youth; Skill Development; Safety; Self Concept; Peer Relationship; Literature Reviews; Intervention; Program Effectiveness

Abstract:
Child Trends reviewed existing evidence on a somewhat neglected topic: relationship education for youth in foster care. The goals of this research review were to identify the needs of disadvantaged young people around intimate partner relationships, to identify evaluated relationship education programs, to highlight and synthesize common themes and gaps in research and evaluation in this area, and to make recommendations about opportunities to improve relationship skills among vulnerable youth in foster care. A review of the research indicates that having the skills to manage healthy intimate partner relationships can help vulnerable youth make a successful transition to adulthood and can support positive decisions related to school, employment, pregnancy prevention, and establishing strong, constructive relationships. These skills are important for all youth, including and perhaps especially among youth involved in or aging out of the child welfare system. Relationship education programs typically focus on building skills needed for positive romantic relationships, addressing topics such as interpersonal skills, safety, knowing oneself, and setting the stage for healthy relationships. These types of programs can equip youth to have healthy intimate relationships as adolescents, as well as healthier peer and adult relationships. This review identified several dozen intervention studies that represent a diverse set of programs. Some target youth in foster care directly, or target other vulnerable populations that have similar risks as youth in care (e.g., runaway and homeless youth, youth involved in the juvenile justice system and other vulnerable or minority populations). However, these programs are diverse in terms of the extent to which they address relationship skills and relationship education, and in their level of evaluation evidence. Child Trends developed six categories to describe the types of programs selected for the review based on the goals of the project, and the diverse characteristics of the programs that were identified. (Contains 1 exhibit.) [This paper was prepared for the It's My Community Initiative. For the main report "Putting Youth Relationship Education on the Child Welfare Agenda: Findings from a Research and Evaluation Review," see ED538385.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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