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Descriptors:
Online Catalogs; Information Retrieval; Online Searching; Search Strategies; Authors; Academic Libraries; Access to Information; Data

Abstract:
Linked data stores house vetted content that can supplement the information available through online library catalogs, potentially mitigating failed author searches if information about the author exists in linked data formats. In this case study, a total of 689 failed author index queries from a large Midwestern academic library's online library catalog were re-run in seven linked data sources (Open Library, DBpedia, Freebase, New York Times Linked Open Data, NNDB, Virtual International Authorities File, and the Library of Congress Name Authorities), with 534 (78 percent) of the failed catalog queries yielding at least one hit in one of the repositories. Over half of the failed online library catalog queries examined were incorrectly formulated (n = 369), implying that some searchers of online library catalogs are unclear about the mechanics of left-anchored searching in author indexes. As a first step in becoming part of the linked data information ecosystem, librarians should consider providing access to existing linked data stores through the online library catalog as a way of mitigating failed author searches for personal names. Librarians should also consider facilitating author searches by only permitting keyword searches of the author index, continuing to carefully maintain authority records for authors in their collections, and facilitating discovery and the explicit statement of relationships through the future use of linked data in library catalogs. (Contains 2 tables, 3 figures, and 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Navigation (Information Systems); Online Searching; Hypermedia; Predictor Variables; Program Effectiveness; Information Retrieval; Cognitive Style; Feedback (Response); Cognitive Structures; Metacognition; Search Strategies; Search Engines; High School Students; Educational Experiments; Computer Software Evaluation; Educational Technology; Computer Software; Use Studies; Comparative Analysis; Visual Aids

Abstract:
It is critical that students learn how to retrieve useful information in hypermedia environments, a task that is often especially difficult when it comes to image retrieval, as little text feedback is given that allows them to reformulate keywords they need to use. This situation may make students feel disorientated while attempting image searching. This study thus designed an image navigation tool, location-based hierarchical navigation support (LHINS), which can dynamically construct a compact WordNet-based hierarchy augmented by location. Using this tool, learners can assimilate new information based on their existing knowledge structure, thus avoiding cognitive overload so as to scaffold their metacognitive skills. Sixty-four high school students were invited to take part in an experiment to test the efficacy of the proposed tool compared to a normal keyword-based search (NKBS) system. The experiment evaluated not only the students' task completion time in the NKBS and LHINS groups, but also their keyword reformulation process, in order to determine the differences in their metacognitive skills. The results revealed that the LHINS group tended to complete the tasks faster and develop better metacognitive skills related to keyword reformulation as compared to the NKBS group. This finding suggests that an image search engine, enhanced by a compact hierarchical navigation tool, can help learners develop better search strategies. When examining how learners with different cognitive styles used the tool, the results showed that learner performance depends on cognitive style, as well as the image retrieval system used, and thus a more detailed investigation of the interaction between the tool and cognitive styles was conducted. Based on these results, several suggestions are derived for designing a more powerful image navigation tool. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Postdoctoral Education; Accreditation (Institutions); Internship Programs; Residential Programs; College Programs; Check Lists; Professional Training; Statistical Data; Tables (Data); Psychology; Psychologists; Information Sources

Abstract:
This is the official listing of accredited internship and postdoctoral residency programs in psychology. It reflects all Commission on Accreditation decisions through July 22, 2012. (Contains 15 footnotes.)

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Descriptors:
Academic Libraries; Internet; Information Sources; Statistical Data; Surveys; Postsecondary Education

Abstract:
This report is the second in a two-part analysis of ACRL"Metrics", an online service that provides access to a range of quantitative data for academic libraries. In this analysis, ACRL"Metrics"' inclusion of data from the National Center for Educational Statistics' Academic Libraries Survey and the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System is considered. Data organization, key ratios, reporting tools, and other facets of ACRL"Metrics" are evaluated. (Contains 6 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Information Needs; Information Sources; Indexing; Access to Information; Preservation; Archives; Cataloging; Information Retrieval; Metadata; Search Strategies; Replication (Evaluation); Program Validation; Computer System Design; Navigation (Information Systems); Usability; Online Searching; Database Design; Database Management Systems; Electronic Publishing; Information Storage; Computer Storage Devices; Information Technology; Information Theory; Information Management

Abstract:
An unprecedented amount of information encompassing almost every facet of human activities across the world is generated daily in the form of zeros and ones, and that is often the only form in which such information is recorded. A good fraction of this information needs to be preserved for periods of time ranging from a few years to centuries. Consequently, the problem of preserving digital information over a long-term has attracted the attention of many organizations, including libraries, government agencies, scientific communities, and individual researchers. In this dissertation, we address three issues that are critical to ensure long-term information preservation and access. The first concerns the core requirement of how to guarantee the integrity of preserved contents. Digital information is in general very fragile because of the many ways errors can be introduced, such as errors introduced because of hardware and media degradation, hardware and software malfunction, operational errors, security breaches, and malicious alterations. To address this problem, we develop a new approach based on efficient and rigorous cryptographic techniques, which will guarantee the integrity of preserved contents with extremely high probability even in the presence of malicious attacks. Our prototype implementation of this approach has been deployed and actively used in the past years in several organizations, including the San Diego Super Computer Center, the Chronopolis Consortium, North Carolina State University, and more recently the Government Printing Office. Second, we consider another crucial component in any preservation system--searching and locating information. The ever-growing size of a long-term archive and the temporality of each preserved item introduce a new set of challenges to providing a fast retrieval of content based on a temporal query. The widely-used cataloguing scheme has serious scalability problems. The standard full-text search approach has serious limitations since it does not deal appropriately with the temporal dimension, and, in particular, is incapable of performing relevancy scoring according to the temporal context. To address these problems, we introduce two types of indexing schemes--a location indexing scheme, and a full-text search indexing scheme. Our location indexing scheme provides optimal operations for inserting and locating a specific version of a preserved item given an item ID and a time point, and our full-text search indexing scheme efficiently handles the scalability problem, supporting relevancy scoring within the temporal context at the same time. Finally, we address the problem of organizing inter-related data, so that future accesses and data exploration can be quickly performed. We, in particular, consider web contents, where we combine a link-analysis scheme with a graph partitioning scheme to put together more closely related contents in the same standard web archive container. We conduct experiments that simulate random browsing of preserved contents, and show that our data organization scheme greatly minimizes the number of containers needed to be accessed for a random browsing session. Our schemes have been tested against real-world data of significant scale, and validated through extensive empirical evaluations. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Indexing; Collaborative Writing; Web Sites; Epistemology; Group Experience; Opinions; Sharing Behavior; Search Strategies; Information Retrieval; Program Effectiveness; Museums; Science Teaching Centers; Foreign Countries

Abstract:
This paper explores the search effectiveness of social tagging which allows the public to freely tag resources, denoted as keywords, with any words as well as to share personal opinions on those resources. Social tagging potentially helps users to organize, manage, and retrieve resources. Efficient retrieval can help users put more of their focus on studying the resources rather than the retrieval process. This study was an investigation into the relations between social tags and user queries. Our findings were summarized into 4 main points: (1) 85% of the surveyed users agreed that social tags assisted them in searching for resources; (2) Over 40% of user queries searches, found their resources via the matching of social tags; (3) Social tags matched over 70% of user queries; and (4) 14% of the social tags for a resource did not appear in the context of the resource. The experimental results demonstrated that social tags can improve users' efficiency in searching for resources. (Contains 1 table and 7 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Postsecondary Education as a Field of Study; Historians; Self Evaluation (Individuals); Intellectual History; Research Methodology; History; Inquiry; Information Retrieval; Search Strategies; Relationship; Instruction; Research; Theory Practice Relationship

Abstract:
When we conceptualize and undertake new research projects, a number of the associated activities require us to take on the role of an historian: there is historical research to do. Those activities include determining whether there is a compelling case for embarking on the project in the light of previous research, making design decisions that take into account those made in the past by other researchers and considering the contribution of our findings to existing knowledge. The extensiveness as well as depth of our knowledge of what has come before is a key determinant of the quality of these activities. In this article, I report on a self-study of this aspect of my own research, which I draw on to identify challenges to doing this historical work well and as a foundation for proposing initiatives that could both re-value and improve this aspect of our research. (Contains 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Syntax; Information Systems; Reference Materials; Databases; Agriculture; Indexing; Classification; Information Retrieval; Bibliographic Databases; Users (Information); Search Strategies

Abstract:
Purpose: The paper aims to assess the utility of non-agriculture-specific information systems, databases, and respective controlled vocabularies (thesauri) in organising and retrieving agricultural information. The purpose is to identify thesaurus-linked tree structures, controlled subject headings/terms (heading words, descriptors), and principal database-dependent characteristics and assess how controlled terms improve retrieval results (recall) in relation to free-text/uncontrolled terms in abstracts and document titles. Design/methodology/approach: Several different hosts (interfaces, platforms, portals) and databases were used: CSA Illumina (ERIC, LISA), Ebscohost (Academic Search Complete, Medline, Political Science Complete), Ei-Engineering Village (Compendex, Inspec), OVID (PsycINFO), ProQuest (ABI/Inform Global). The search-terms agriculture and agricultural and truncated word-stem agricultur- were employed. Permuted (rotated index) search fields were used to retrieve terms from thesauri. Subject-heading search was assessed in relation to free-text search, based on abstracts and document titles. Findings: All thesauri contain agriculture-based headings; however, associative, hierarchical and synonymous relationships show important inter-database differences. Using subject headings along with abstracts and titles in search syntax (query) sometimes improves retrieval by up to 60 per cent. Retrieval depends on search fields and database-specifics, such as autostemming (lemmatization), explode function, word-indexing, or phrase-indexing. Research limitations/implications: Inter-database and host comparison, on consistent principles, can be limited because of some particular host- and database-specifics. Practical implications: End-users may exploit databases more competently and thus achieve better retrieval results in searching for agriculture-related information. Originality/value: The function of as many as ten databases in different disciplines in providing information relevant to subject matter that is not a topical focus of databases is assessed. (Contains 5 figures and 6 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Semitic Languages; Web Sites; Search Engines; Classification; Educational Environment; Internet; Trend Analysis; Search Strategies; Mass Media Use; Use Studies; Educational Needs; Usability; Navigation (Information Systems); Information Retrieval; Information Management; Case Records; Content Analysis; Information Seeking; Information Needs; Computer Software Evaluation; College Students; Foreign Countries; Automation

Abstract:
Purpose: This study is an attempt to develop an automatic identification method for Arabic web queries and divide them into several query types using data mining. In addition, it seeks to evaluate the impact of the academic environment on using the internet. Design/methodology/approach: The web log files were collected from one of the higher institute's servers over a one-month period. A special program was designed and implemented to extract web search queries from these files and also to automatically classify Arabic queries into three query types (i.e. Navigational, Transactional, and Informational queries) based on predefined specifications for each type. Findings: The results indicate that students are slowly and gradually using the internet for more relevant academic purposes. Tests showed that it is possible to automatically classify Arabic queries based on query terms, with 80.6 per cent to 80.2 per cent accuracy for the two phases of the test respectively. In their future strategies, Jordanian universities should apply methods to encourage university students to use the internet for academic purposes. Web search engines in general and Arabic search engines in particular may benefit from the proposed classification method in order to improve the effectiveness and relevancy of their results in accordance with users' needs. Originality/value: Studying internet web logs has been the subject of many papers. However, the particular domain, and the specific focuses on this research are what can distinguish it from the others. (Contains 9 figures and 22 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Academic Libraries; Consortia; Library Networks; Information Retrieval; Search Strategies; Online Searching; Search Engines; Information Seeking; Library Services; Users (Information); Web Sites; Integrated Learning Systems; Electronic Mail; Editing; Collaborative Writing; Library Automation; Databases; Vendors

Abstract:
The year 2011 was the PALNI (Private Academic Library Network of Indiana) consortium's "rookie season" for the implementation of Primo, the 2010 Discovery Layer 500 race winner. In this article, the authors report on their transition to the cloud within Ex Libris Ltd.'s Primo TotalCare environment: their preparation, the steps involved to move to live production, and their reflections on their consortium's first season. They share the story of their multi-year effort to select and then roll out Ex Libris Primo to the libraries in their consortium. At the end of their rookie season, the majority of the institutions have at least posted a Primo search box or link on their library web pages. Currently, only five of the 23 institutions are using Primo as their primary default search tool. With the willingness to help each other, the authors found that in 2011, PALNI has been successful in finding solutions to their unique challenges at the consortium level as well as at the institutional level. So as their discovery layer project begins to move from implementation to production, they believe their efforts will have a major positive impact on their patrons. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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