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Descriptors:
Leadership; Foreign Countries; Disadvantaged Environment; Educational Change; Young Adults; Poverty; Children; Economic Climate; Case Studies; Secondary Schools; Intervention; Dropouts

Abstract:
The contemporary attempts to tackle poverty and child poverty in the United Kingdom have been seriously hindered by the effects of the economic crisis (Hirsch, 2008a; Mooney, 2011). The prevailing discourses of the recession and intergenerational poverty can lead to a view that the effects of child poverty and the consequent detrimental impact on school education and future prospects for some young people are intractable (Sinclair & McKendrick, 2009). There can be insufficient emphasis on the successful attempts, however fragile, to intervene in the cycle of deprivation. This article reports on research conducted in two contrasting groups of secondary schools in the city of Glasgow, located in areas of deprivation, as they work to secure initial positive school leaver destinations for young people. This small-scale case study highlights the importance of a strong leadership vision committed to initial positive school leaver destinations, but complemented by distributed leadership and support from external partners to enable sustained successes. It also highlights the importance of individual attention to all young people to support and motivate them and the effectiveness of intervention at an early stage. (Contains 3 tables and 10 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Higher Education; Educational Finance; Income; Public Policy; Enrollment Trends; Tax Allocation; Tax Effort; Tuition; Trend Analysis; Educational Trends; Predictor Variables; Educational Resources; Statistical Data; State Aid; Resource Allocation; Expenditure per Student; Financial Support; School Support; State Surveys; Comparative Analysis; Interstate Programs; Tables (Data); School Taxes; School Funds; Local Government; State Government; Student Financial Aid; Costs; Operating Expenses; Public Colleges; Medical Schools; Rural Extension; Economic Climate; Educational Policy

Abstract:
The State Higher Education Finance (SHEF) report is produced annually by the State Higher Education Executive Officers (SHEEO) to broaden understanding of the context and consequences of multiple decisions made every year in each of these areas. No single report can provide definitive answers to such broad and fundamental questions of public policy, but the SHEF report provides information to help inform such decisions. The report includes: (1) An Overview and Highlights of national trends and the current status of state funding for higher education; (2) An explanation of the Measures, Methods, and Analytical Tools used in the report; (3) A description of the Revenue Sources and Uses for higher education, including state tax and non-tax revenues, local tax support, tuition revenue, and the proportion of this funding available for general educational support; (4) An analysis of National Trends in Enrollment and Revenue, in particular, changes over time in the public resources available for general operating support; (5) Interstate Comparisons--Making Sense of Many Variables, using tables, charts, and graphs to compare data among states and over time; and (6) Indicators of Relative State Wealth, Tax Effort, and Allocations for Higher Education, along with ways to take these factors into account when making interstate comparisons. The SHEF report provides the earliest possible review of state and local support, tuition revenue, and enrollment trends for the most recent fiscal year. Appended are: (1) Grapevine Media Tables; (2) Glossary of Terms; (3) State Data Providers; and (4) SSDB Collection Instructions. (Contains 12 figures, 13 tables, and 13 footnotes.) [For "State Higher Education Finance FY 2011," see ED530332.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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 ERIC Full Text (15644K)

Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Leadership; Individual Characteristics; Values; Trust (Psychology); Semi Structured Interviews; Economic Climate; Leadership Role; Adjustment (to Environment); Educational Change; School Culture; School Organization; Expertise; Futures (of Society); Public Policy

Abstract:
The complex leadership attribute of "negative capability" in managing uncertainty and engendering trust may be amongst the qualities enabling institutions to cope with multiple recent government policy challenges affecting English higher education, including significant increases in student fees. Research findings are reported on changes in leadership values, trust and organisational cultures in higher education during the current "age of austerity". Data from university experts, managers and academics in semi-structured interviews were informed by questionnaires (n = 16), online surveys (n = 121) and a focus group (n = 6). Findings indicated that values-based leadership characterised by skilful "negative capability" is now needed in English higher education. "Negative capability" is defined as the ability to resist the "false necessity" of deterministic solutions in building staff trust to cope proactively with ambiguity and change. This capability is needed for academic leaders to maintain their role in shaping the enduring purposes of higher education during a recession, both in England and in the wider international environment. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Evidence; Graduate Students; Library Research; Social Sciences; Research Libraries; Information Literacy; Library Instruction; Interviews; User Needs (Information); Needs Assessment; Research Skills; Library Skills; Trend Analysis; Student Attitudes; Preferences

Abstract:
Academic librarians provide information literacy instruction and research services to graduate students. To develop evidence-based library instruction and research services for incoming graduate students, the authors interviewed fifteen incoming graduate students in the social sciences and analyzed the interviews using the Association of College & Research Libraries Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education (ACRL Standards). This article discusses the findings, including the authors' assumptions of student information illiteracy, trends noted during the interview analysis, and implications for delivering information literacy training to graduate students in a group discussion modality. (Contains 2 tables and 17 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Copyrights; Research Libraries; Best Practices; Academic Libraries; Librarians; Publishing Industry

Abstract:
This report covers a panel discussion on the Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Academic and Research Libraries, published in January 2012 by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL). The panel was held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) on March 23, 2012, and was hosted by the MIT Libraries. Panelists were Patricia Aufderheide of the Center for Social Media at American University; Brandon Butler of ARL; Kyle Courtney of Harvard Law School; and Jay Wilcoxson of MIT. Following an introduction to fair use and the history of the Code of Best Practices, Butler and Aufderheide discussed each of the eight fair use principles in the document and took a number of questions from attendees. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Educational Finance; Teacher Salaries; Change; Economic Climate; Urban Schools; Public Schools; School Districts; Comparative Analysis; Trend Analysis

Abstract:
In many districts where budgets are tight and forcing cuts in services, are teacher incomes also falling behind? Is teaching becoming a less remunerative occupation relative to other local opportunities such that over time it may become less attractive? Or, do the automatic salary triggers shift wages up despite revenue constraints? This study uses data from Seattle Public Schools to explore actual salary changes amidst rapid changes in economic context. Typical of other urban districts, Seattle faced budget gaps throughout the recession as state revenues tightened. The study shows that wage trends shifted up in unexpected ways at the outset of the recession, then leveled off as the economic strain continued in subsequent years. Analysis of the salary components sheds light on the nature of the salary drivers and why they are at times out of pace with economic context. (Contains 3 figures and 6 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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 ERIC Full Text (606K)

Descriptors:
Credentials; Educational Attainment; Young Adults; Wages; Intellectual Disciplines; Economic Climate; Economic Factors; Educational Objectives; Goal Orientation; State Aid; Academic Degrees; Educational Trends; Trend Analysis; Classification; Comparative Analysis; Education Work Relationship; Salary Wage Differentials

Abstract:
In response to the declining international ranking in the percentage of young adults with a postsecondary credential, President Obama, philanthropic and policy organizations, and states have set bold goals essentially to double the number of postsecondary degrees and certificates produced in the next 8 to 13 years. Behind this commitment to increased attainment is a value proposition for policymakers and the general public that achieving these goals will lead to social and economic benefits for individuals, states, and the nation. The movement to increase the percentage of U.S. citizens with a high quality postsecondary degree or credential has proceeded alongside a prolonged economic downturn in which state appropriations have fallen below enrollment growth and inflation. While the relationship between education and income is strong, incomes vary significantly among the types of degrees by level and discipline and within each state. It is beneficial for policymakers to understand market conditions as they make investments in higher education. This report adds to the dialogue about the value of a college degree in two ways. First, on a national level it examines trends in degree production in terms of the median income associated with different degrees. The data suggest that both student choice and institutional degree production are being influenced by higher wage premiums. Second, this report provides state-level data on the wage premiums associated with degree attainment across seven broad discipline categories, in effect, taking the national-level analyses down to the state level. The report shows how the value of a degree varies across states and across disciplines within a state, providing states with both an overview of national trends and a more detailed look at the degrees produced and the economic value of those degrees within each state. Appended are: (1) Carnegie 2010 Classifications and SHEEO Groupings; (2) Discipline Category-CIP-FOD Crosswalk; (3) Median Wage Salary Income by Discipline Category; and (4) Completions by Level. (Contains 13 charts, 2 tables, and 10 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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 ERIC Full Text (1976K)

Descriptors:
Stakeholders; Leadership; After School Programs; Trend Analysis; Change Strategies; Partnerships in Education; Integrated Services; Integrated Activities; Agency Cooperation; Disadvantaged Youth; Youth Opportunities; Youth Programs; Systems Development; Interviews; National Surveys; Program Effectiveness; Best Practices; Program Evaluation; Public Officials; Program Attitudes

Abstract:
This executive summary presents the broadest look yet at a growing trend in America's cities: the emergence of city-led efforts to build comprehensive afterschool and out-of-school time (OST) systems that meet the needs of children and youth in their communities. Mayors and other municipal officials who have demonstrated leadership in this area are increasingly linking isolated programs within more coordinated citywide networks, bringing disparate stakeholders together to create and advance common strategies, and using research-based approaches to improve program quality and access. In preparing the report, commissioned by The Wallace Foundation, the National League of Cities (NLC) identified 27 cities--from Philadelphia to Portland, Oregon, and Bridgeport, Connecticut, to Jacksonville, Florida--that have made impressive strides in the development of citywide OST systems. Staff from NLC's Institute for Youth, Education and Families surveyed and interviewed representatives from each city to understand more fully the nature and pace of change within these communities. The descriptive city profiles generated through this research provide a rich portrait of what progress looks like in these leading cities, some of which have been engaged in OST system-building initiatives for only a few years while others have labored for as long as a decade to achieve their current results. (Contains 1 footnote.) [For the main report, "Municipal Leadership for Afterschool: Citywide Approaches Spreading across the Country," see ED537016.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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 ERIC Full Text (527K)

Descriptors:
Research Libraries; Budgets; Economic Climate; Context Effect; Decision Making; Library Materials; Selection; Librarians; Adjustment (to Environment); Expenditures; Educational Finance; Opportunities; Models

Abstract:
Where library budgets are concerned, there is every evidence now, after three years, that research libraries have arrived at "the new normal." That is, they do not expect a return to systematic and regular additions to Association of Research Libraries' (ARL) budgets in order to support ever-increasing prices that are out of proportion to inflation. These are facts that ought to be understood as matters of survival not only by librarians but also in the library market place generally. The economic crisis that libraries have faced during the last three years has allowed them to make hard decisions. Early indicators point to the fact that the "serious crisis" is not going to waste for research libraries around the world. The evidence is that ARL libraries are grappling with the economic crisis by accelerating the rate of adaptation of the research library model. The ferment in higher education, combined with the ongoing fiscal crisis, is very much the condition of the research library environment. The author believes libraries are likely to be more successful in the future if they maximize the exchange of information about the work they are doing to change the academic and research library model. (Contains 7 notes, 3 tables, and 4 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Academic Libraries; Research Libraries; Librarians; Tenure; Economic Climate; Budgeting; Retrenchment; Financial Support; Faculty Development; College Faculty; Faculty Workload

Abstract:
The objective of this study was to reveal how the national economic recession has affected the nature and extent of support for tenure track librarians at Association of Research Libraries (ARL) member institutions. The authors surveyed 43 ARL Deans and University Librarians to discover the criteria for achieving tenure and the current institutional support for tenure-related activities. All of the responding libraries reported experiencing at least moderate reductions in their overall budgets, with the majority indicating increased workloads for faculty and reductions to monetary support for professional development. Despite this adversity, the survey indicated that the expectations for achieving tenure for librarians in the areas of research and service have not changed. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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