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Community Colleges; Enrollment; Enrollment Trends; College Credits; Student Characteristics; Two Year College Students; Online Courses; Dual Enrollment; High School Students; Academic Degrees; College Programs; Adult Literacy; Labor Force Development; Apprenticeships; Graduation Rate; Transfer Rates (College); Education Work Relationship; Outcomes of Education; Income; Adult Basic Education; Tuition; Fees; Student Financial Aid; Educational Finance; Expenditure per Student; Human Resources; School Personnel; College Faculty; College Administration; Salaries; Part Time Students; Full Time Students

Abstract:
Each fall, the Iowa Department of Education collects enrollment data from Iowa's community colleges on the tenth business day of the semester. The fall data pertain to the 2012-13 academic year (fiscal year 2013). This report is the only report on fiscal year 2013 until next year's "Annual Condition of Iowa's Community Colleges." Fall enrollment for 2012 was 100,519 students, a 5.2 percent decline from fall 2011. Since 2008, community college enrollment has grown rapidly, likely a result of the recession of 2008 and 2009. Table 2-1 displays enrollment figures for the latest five years. Enrollment fell at 12 of the 15 community colleges. More students were enrolled part-time (less than 12 semester credit hours) than were enrolled full-time. Students enrolled part-time accounted for 53.9 percent of total fall enrollment, compared to 51.8 percent last fall. The fall enrollment of full-time students fell from 51,107 (48.2 percent of total enrollment) to 46,354 (46.1 percent of total enrollment), a 9.3 percent decline, while the fall enrollment of part-time students dropped slightly (-1.3 percent) from 54,868 students in 2011 to 54,165 students in 2012. Although overall fall enrollment has increased more than tenfold since 1965, the number of full-time students as a percentage of total fall enrollment has steadily declined from 90.8 percent in 1965 to 46.1 percent in 2012. (Contains 272 tables and 105 figures.) [This data for this paper was compiled with the assistance of Geoffrey Jones.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Proprietary Schools; Higher Education; Undergraduate Students; Student Characteristics; Comparative Analysis; School Holding Power; Unemployment; Income; Satisfaction; Loan Default; Debt (Financial); Student Financial Aid; Student Loan Programs; Remedial Instruction; College Outcomes Assessment; Enrollment; Graduation; Private Colleges; Public Colleges; Two Year Colleges; Federal Legislation; Educational Legislation

Abstract:
Private for-profit institutions have been the fastest growing part of the U.S. higher education sector. For-profit enrollment increased from 0.2 percent to 9.1 percent of total enrollment in degree-granting schools from 1970 to 2009, and for-profit institutions account for the majority of enrollments in non-degree granting postsecondary schools. We describe the schools, students, and programs in the for-profit higher education sector, its phenomenal recent growth, and its relationship to the federal and state governments. Using the 2004 to 2009 Beginning Postsecondary Students (BPS) longitudinal survey, we assess outcomes of a recent cohort of first-time undergraduates who attended for-profits relative to comparable students who attended community colleges or other public or private non-profit institutions. We find that relative to these other institutions, for-profits educate a larger fraction of minority, disadvantaged, and older students, and they have greater success at retaining students in their first year and getting them to complete short programs at the certificate and AA levels. But we also find that for-profit students end up with higher unemployment and "idleness" rates and lower earnings six years after entering programs than do comparable students from other schools, and that they have far greater student debt burdens and default rates on their student loans. IPEDS [Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System] and Student Financial Aid are appended. (Contains 5 figures, 8 tables and 12 footnotes.) [This paper also appears in the winter 2012 issue of "Journal of Economic Perspectives," 26(1), 139-164.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Military Service; Graduate Students; Graduate Study; Federal Aid; Marital Status; Military Personnel; Statistical Significance; Student Financial Aid; Veterans; Undergraduate Students; Undergraduate Study; Veterans Education; Federal Legislation; National Surveys; Demography; Student Characteristics; Colleges; Comparative Analysis; Gender Differences; Distance Education; Bachelors Degrees; Time to Degree; Enrollment Trends

Abstract:
This Statistics in Brief uses nationally representative data to determine the representation of military students in undergraduate and graduate education and to examine how their demographic and enrollment characteristics compare with their nonmilitary peers. The brief draws upon two nationally representative studies of postsecondary students, the 2007-08 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS:08) and the 2004/09 Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS:04/09), which were conducted prior to enactment of the new GI Bill. It uses these data about military personnel already enrolled in U.S. postsecondary institutions to provide a context for future data examining the impact of this legislation. Specifically, this study addressed four questions: (1) How many military service members and veterans were enrolled in undergraduate and graduate education in 2007-08, and what percentage used GI Bill education benefits to pay for their education? (2) How did military undergraduates' and military graduate students' demographic characteristics compare with those of their nonmilitary counterparts' (3) How did military undergraduates' and nonmilitary independent undergraduates' enrollment characteristics differ? (4) How did military and nonmilitary graduate students' enrollment characteristics differ? Key findings include: (1) In 2007-08, about 4 percent of all undergraduates and about 4 percent of all graduate students were veterans or military service members. About two-fifths of military undergraduates and one-fifth of military graduate students used GI Bill education benefits. (2) Unlike their nonmilitary counterparts, a majority of military undergraduates and military graduate students were male. Military students also were more likely than their nonmilitary peers to be married. (3) Military undergraduates studied at private nonprofit 4-year institutions, pursued bachelor's degrees, took a distance education course, and studied computer and information sciences more often than their nonmilitary peers. The percentage of military undergraduates who received financial aid (including GI Bill benefits) and the amount they received (including GI Bill benefits) generally exceeded or was not measurably different from those of nonmilitary independent undergraduates. (4) A larger percentage of military graduate students than nonmilitary graduate students waited 7 or more years between completing their bachelor's degree and starting graduate school, were enrolled in master's degree programs, attended part time, and took a distance education course. (Contains 1 table, 10 figures and 15 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Enrollment; Undergraduate Students; Graduate Students; Postsecondary Education; Educational Finance; Income; Expenditures; Graduation Rate; Public Colleges; Private Colleges; Proprietary Schools; Two Year Colleges; Student Characteristics; Time to Degree; African American Students; American Indian Students; Asian American Students; Hispanic American Students; White Students; Males; Females; Foreign Students; Multiracial Persons; Full Time Students; Part Time Students

Abstract:
The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) collects institution-level data from postsecondary institutions in the United States (50 states and the District of Columbia) and other U.S. jurisdictions (see appendix A for a list of other U.S. jurisdictions). This "First Look" presents findings from the provisional data of the IPEDS spring 2012 data collection, which included four survey components: Enrollment at postsecondary institutions during fall 2011; Finance, for the 2011 fiscal year; and graduation rates of selected cohorts within 150 and 200 percent of normal program completion time. Data for all components were collected through the IPEDS web-based data collection system. Detailed information about the study methodology can be found at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2012293. This "First Look" provides users with an opportunity to access fully reviewed, edited, and imputed IPEDS data. These provisional data are an update to the previously released preliminary data, which were not extensively reviewed or edited. Final data, including revisions to the provisional data submitted by institutions after the close of data collection, will be available during the following collection year (2012-13). The purpose of this report is to introduce new data through the presentation of tables containing descriptive information. Selected findings have been chosen to demonstrate the range of information available when using the IPEDS data rather than to discuss all of the observed differences, and they are not meant to emphasize any particular issue. Not all data collected during the spring 2012 collection are displayed in this "First Look"; however, all data from the spring 2012 collection are publicly available through the IPEDS Data Center, found at http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter. Appended are: (1) Data Collection Procedures; and (2) Glossary of IPEDS Terms. (Contains 4 tables and 8 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Undergraduate Students; Graduation Rate; Student Financial Aid; Enrollment; Postsecondary Education; Student Characteristics; Income; Expenditures; Educational Finance; Private Colleges; Public Colleges; Two Year Colleges; Proprietary Schools; Graduate Students; National Surveys; Educational Legislation; Federal Legislation

Abstract:
This "First Look" presents findings from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) spring 2010 data collection. This collection included five components: Student Financial Aid for full-time, first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduate students for the 2009-10 academic year; Enrollment for fall 2009; Graduation Rates within 150 percent of normal program completion time for full-time, first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduate students beginning college in 2003 at 4-year institutions or in 2006 at less-than-4-year institutions; Graduation Rates within 200 percent of normal program completion time for full-time, first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduate students beginning college in 2001 at 4-year institutions or in 2005 at less-than-4-year institutions; and Finance for fiscal year 2009. Appended are (1) Survey Methodology; and (2) Glossary of IPEDS Terms. (Contains 25 tables and 11 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Undergraduate Students; Graduation Rate; Educational Finance; Student Financial Aid; Enrollment; Two Year Colleges; Family Income; National Surveys; Postsecondary Education; Public Colleges; Private Colleges; Proprietary Schools; Educational Legislation; Federal Legislation

Abstract:
This "First Look" presents findings from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) spring 2011 data collection. This collection included five components: Student Financial Aid for the 2009-10 academic year; Enrollment for fall 2010; Graduation Rates within 150 percent of normal program completion time for full-time, first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduate students beginning college in 2004 at 4-year institutions or in 2007 at less-than-4-year institutions; Graduation Rates within 200 percent of normal program completion time for full-time, first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduate students beginning college in 2002 at 4-year institutions or in 2006 at less-than-4-year institutions; and Finance for fiscal year 2010, such as revenues and operating expenditures. The data on which this report is based are available to researchers and the public through the IPEDS Data Center and the College Navigator. Appended are: (1) Survey Methodology;and (2) Glossary of IPEDS Terms. (Contains 24 tables and 22 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Postsecondary Education; Institutional Characteristics; Enrollment; Graduation; Full Time Students; Undergraduate Students; Student Costs; Tuition; Fees; Academic Degrees; Public Colleges; Private Colleges; Proprietary Schools; Gender Differences; College Programs; Student Characteristics; Race; Sex; Ethnicity; Professional Education; Undergraduate Study; Graduate Study

Abstract:
This "First Look" presents findings from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) fall 2009 data collection, which included three survey components: Institutional Characteristics for the 2009-10 academic year, Completions covering the period July 1, 2008, through June 30, 2009, and 12-Month Enrollment covering academic year 2008-09. The data on which this report is based are available to researchers and the public through the IPEDS Data Center and the College Navigator. Both of these sources can be found at http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds. This "First Look" report is based on the collection of data from more than 6,700 postsecondary education institutions that participate in Title IV federal student financial aid programs. The purpose of this report is to introduce new data through the presentation of tables containing descriptive information. Tabulations in this report focus on selected data items collected in fall 2009 from 6,822 Title IV institutions and administrative offices in the United States. Table 1 also includes the 154 Title IV institutions in the other jurisdictions. Unless otherwise indicated, imputed data were included in the tabulations in place of missing data for institutions that did not report values for the necessary items. The selected items in this report, as well as the other items collected in fall 2009, are available through the IPEDS Data Center. Several tables in this "First Look" display trends over time. In table 4, the time points displayed were chosen to demonstrate the range of data available from IPEDS for trend analysis, not to emphasize any particular period of change. In tables 5 and 6, the time period of three years was chosen to reflect the same period as the College Affordability Index (CAI). The CAI, which is calculated over a three year period, is the ratio of the percentage change in tuition and required fees for full-time, first-time undergraduate students to the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index. No comparison of tables 5 and 6 to the CAI is intended. Instead, tables 5 and 6 provide an additional, complementary source of information on the change in the price of attendance for full-time, first-time undergraduate students. Appended to this report is the survey methodology and a glossary of IPEDS terms. (Contains 13 tables and 10 footnotes.)[For the 2008 report see ED506744.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Political Science; Community Colleges; Institutional Characteristics; Student Surveys; Student Characteristics; Two Year College Students; Two Year Colleges; Undergraduate Study; Undergraduate Students; Political Attitudes; Individual Differences; Student Behavior; Demography; Citizen Participation; Student Government; Parent Participation; Political Socialization

Abstract:
Community colleges occupy a growing role in the American education system. Their unique cross-section of students poses a challenge for teachers of political science. This paper uses information from a survey completed by over 2,000 students at 20 colleges and universities across the United States to shed light on some of the most significant differences between students at two- and four-year institutions. Most notably, students at two-year institutions are less interested in politics and political office than their counterparts at four-year institutions. This paper offers suggestions for narrowing this gap in the political science classroom. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
College Freshmen; Remedial Instruction; Enrollment; College Readiness; Public Colleges; Private Colleges; Two Year Colleges; Selective Admission; Student Characteristics; Majors (Students); Associate Degrees; Bachelors Degrees; Differences

Abstract:
A primary goal of the U.S. Department of Education's Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) Blueprint for Reform is to improve the college readiness of high school graduates (U.S. Department of Education 2010). College readiness is a complex benchmark and has been measured in several ways, including transcript analysis (Adelman 2006) and standardized test scores (ACT 2005). One such measure, and the focus of this Statistics in Brief, is remedial coursework enrollment. Consistent with earlier NCES publications, this brief defines remedial courses as courses for students lacking skills necessary to perform college-level work at the degree of rigor required by the institution (Parsad and Lewis 2003). At the start of their college careers, students who are not sufficiently prepared to complete entry-level courses are often encouraged or required to take developmental or remedial courses. Results from previous surveys conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) that collected data on the percentage of students enrolled in remedial coursework found that 28 percent of first-year students who entered 2- or 4-year degree-granting postsecondary institutions were enrolled in remedial courses in both 1995 and 2000 (Parsad and Lewis 2003). Given evidence of stable remediation rates during the late-1990s, and the current education reform context that seeks to reduce remediation in college, this Statistics in Brief provides descriptive data on the frequency of self-reported enrollment in remedial courses within and across three time points, 1999-2000, 2003-04, and 2007-08. The purpose of the brief is to update the available evidence regarding self-reported student remediation and provide descriptive information as context for policy discussions. This Statistics in Brief uses data from the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS) to examine the incidence of remedial coursetaking between the 1999-2000, 2003-04, and 2007-08 academic years. Specifically, this brief examines the percentages of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in institutions of higher education (IHE) who reported taking remedial courses in the 1999-2000, 2003-04, and 2007-08 academic years, by institutional characteristics, such as institutional control (public or private), level (2-year or 4-year) and selectivity. For students who attended public institutions, the brief examines enrollment characteristics, such as undergraduate degree program and field of study; and student characteristics, such as sex, race/ethnicity, age, parents' education, and dependency status. NPSAS is a nationally representative survey of all postsecondary students enrolled in Title IV institutions. Standard Error Tables are appended. (Contains 6 tables, 1 figure and 10 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Factor Analysis; Grades (Scholastic); Student Characteristics; Undergraduate Students; Undergraduate Study; Teacher Attitudes; Educational Practices; Teacher Surveys; Interdisciplinary Approach; Beliefs; Student Participation; Attendance; Grading; Evaluation Criteria; Student Evaluation

Abstract:
The author explores an assumption evident in the literature that "most" college instructors grade participation in undergraduate courses. Instructors (N = 521) at a large, northeastern university were surveyed regarding their attitudes and practices in grading participation in undergraduate courses. A survey instrument was developed for the purpose of this study and subjected to principal components analysis. This instrument yielded seven subscales of acceptable reliability (Cronbach's alpha greater than or equal to 0.70), three of which are the focus of this article. Results suggest that the majority of instructors across disciplines do incorporate a "participation" factor into students' final course grades. Course level is not a significant correlate, but some differences may be observed by discipline. Underlying instructor beliefs are examined, and implications and future directions for research are discussed. (Contains 1 figure and 7 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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