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Descriptors:
Profiles; Child Care; Parents; Educational Quality; Child Development; Infants; Risk; Educational Attainment; Mothers; Correlation; Outcomes of Education; Employed Parents; Parent Attitudes; One Parent Family; Family Income; Minority Groups; Caregivers; Teacher Student Ratio; Certification

Abstract:
Building on prior variable-oriented research which demonstrates the independence of the associations of child care quality, quantity, and type of setting with family factors and child outcomes, the current study identifies four profiles of child care dimensions from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Profiles accounted for 73% of total variance in 10 child care variables measured for 489 6-month-olds in nonparental child care including type of setting, quantity of care, and structural/process quality indicators. Dominant marker variables were used to label the four profiles which revealed complex patterns. Lower family risk, especially higher maternal education, was associated with profiles marked by features associated with better child outcomes, but only maternal belief in the harm of maternal employment protected against child care profiles with features associated with poorer child outcomes. By allowing child care characteristics to correlate freely with dimension profiles using a person-oriented approach, results facilitate examination of the contributions of each individual characteristic to each profile, suggesting ways to improve child care provision and to examine child care selection. (Contains 6 tables, 1 figure, and 1 footnote.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Academic Achievement; Adolescents; Social Capital; Friendship; Comparative Analysis; College Graduates; Graduation; Family Income; Mothers; Parent Influence; Cultural Influences; Grade Point Average; Peer Influence; Secondary School Students; Racial Differences; Educational Attainment

Abstract:
Research on social capital in education rarely considers how the resources students can access through their friendships affect educational outcomes later in life. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we explore how having resource-rich best friends impacts adolescents' college completion. We compare the influence of friends' material and cultural resources and their effects relative to adolescents' family resources. We find that having a best friend with a college-educated mother significantly increases the likelihood of college completion, though having a best friend whose parents are high income does not. This positive effect of best friends' cultural resources is not explained fully by school achievement or by the expectations of respondents, best friends, or parents. We conclude that adolescent friendships are an underrecognized source of social capital. (Contains 5 tables and 14 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Models; Socioeconomic Status; Family Income; Family Characteristics; Fiscal Capacity; Child Development; Child Health; Anxiety; Academic Achievement; Graduation; Educational Attainment

Abstract:
A large body of evidence indicates that socioeconomic status (SES) is a strong predictor of school achievement, college graduation and child outcomes in general. Better developmental and health outcomes are strongly associated with family assets, income and education. We introduce a model incorporating a range of theoretical and empirical literature about the relationships between a household's socio-economic position, household interactions, and child educational outcomes. The intention is to illustrate how these frequently cited factors are exacerbated and aligned by stress or difficult environments which cause long-term challenges for children in high-risk circumstances. Finally, we modify the model to illustrate the dynamic nature of these relationships, highlighting how the developmental trajectory of a child who lives with toxic stress might differ from a comparable child with social supports in a situation of low or tolerable stress. (Contains 4 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Graduation Requirements; Higher Education; Educational Finance; Educational Attainment; Kindergarten; Graduation; Public Education; Elementary Secondary Education; Master Plans; Preschool Education; Access to Education; Teacher Supply and Demand; State Boards of Education; College Admission; Education Work Relationship; Partnerships in Education; High Schools; Academic Standards; State Standards; Accountability; Academic Achievement; Educational Indicators; Educational Improvement; College Readiness; Graduation Rate; Career Readiness; Alignment (Education)

Abstract:
This paper complies with the requirements established in T.C.A. Section 49-1-302(a)(10). The act directs the State Board of Education and the Tennessee Higher Education Commission to provide a report to the Governor and General Assembly, all public schools, and institutions of higher learning and their respective boards. This report is to include, but is not limited to, a discussion of the following four areas: (1) Minimizing Duplication: The extent of duplication in elementary, secondary and postsecondary education; (2) Compatibility: The extent of compatibility between high school graduation requirements and admission requirements of postsecondary institutions; (3) Master Plan Fulfillment: The extent to which respective master plans of the board and the higher education commission are being fulfilled; and (4) State Needs in Public Education: The extent to which state needs in public education are being met as determined by such board and commission. This year's joint report marks the continuation of a new era for education in Tennessee, which began during the special session of the 106th General Assembly (2010) and included passage of the First to the Top and the Complete College Tennessee Acts. Both Acts focus on raising the level of statewide accountability and support in K-12 schools and institutions of higher education. Legislation from the 106th General Assembly provides the framework for collaboration between all state systems of education, addressing the overarching need to produce a higher proportion of college- and career-ready graduates. Tennessee will use this framework to make significant progress toward increasing postsecondary educational attainment to the national average by 2025. Appended are: (1) Tennessee High School Graduation Requirements; (2) Minimum High School Course Requirements for Regular Undergraduate Admissions to Tennessee Public Higher Education Institutions; and (3) Tennessee College and Career Ready Goals and Indicators. (Contains 3 tables, 1 figure and 3 footnotes.) [For "Annual Joint Report on Pre-Kindergarten through Higher Education in Tennessee, 2012", see ED540084.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Race; Ethnicity; Marital Status; Family Income; Females; Academic Achievement; Well Being; Parent Background; Educational Attainment; Mathematics Tests; Young Children; Family Structure; Mothers; Immigrants; Correlation; Longitudinal Studies; One Parent Family; Grade 1; Kindergarten; Risk

Abstract:
Working from a life course perspective, this study examined the links between mothers' fertility and relationship statuses and children's early school achievement and how these links varied by race/ethnicity and immigration status. Analyses of nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort revealed that children born to unmarried women scored lower than children of married women on math tests in kindergarten and first grade. This pattern was most attributable to associated differences in family income and parent education, and it was moderated by women's marital and relationship statuses after having their children. Evidence also suggested that the academic risks of some family structure pattern relative to continuously married parents might have been more pronounced for White children. (Contains 4 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Marital Status; Daughters; One Parent Family; Interpersonal Relationship; Marital Instability; Divorce; Marriage; Parent Influence; At Risk Persons; Stress Variables; Family Structure; Age Differences; Racial Differences; Family Income; Parent Child Relationship; Attitudes; Affective Behavior; Educational Attainment; Religion; Self Esteem; Depression (Psychology); Grades (Scholastic)

Abstract:
The authors used data from the Add Health study to estimate the effects of parents' marital status and relationship distress on daughters' early family formation transitions. Outcomes included traditional transitions (marriage and marital births) and nontraditional transitions (cohabitation and nonmarital births). Relationship distress among continuously married parents was not related to any outcome. Offspring with single parents and remarried parents had an elevated risk of nonmarital births and nonmarital cohabitation. Offspring with remarried parents with a high-distress relationship had an elevated risk of early marriages and marital births. These results, combined with analyses of mediating variables, provide the strongest support for a modeling perspective, although some support also was found for a perspective based on escape from stress. (Contains 5 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Community Colleges; Tables (Data); Graphs; Academic Achievement; Teacher Characteristics; Profiles; Educational Finance; College Faculty; College Students; Institutional Mission; School Districts; Values; Goal Orientation; Boards of Education; Trustees; Public Colleges; Population Trends; Family Income; Gender Differences; Racial Differences; Educational Attainment; Enrollment Trends; Student Characteristics; Foreign Students; Continuing Education; Adult Education; Adult Literacy; High Schools; Labor Force Development; White Students; African American Students; Asian American Students; Hispanic American Students; College Credits; Age Differences; Place of Residence; Trend Analysis; Foreign Countries; School Schedules; Distance Education; Developmental Programs; Dual Enrollment; Library Services; Technical Education; English (Second Language); Adult Basic Education; Awards; Graduation Rate; Grades (Scholastic); College Transfer Students; Associate Degrees; Educational Certificates; Costs; College Administration; Pacific Islanders; Educational Facilities; Teacher Salaries; Income; Tuition; Budgets; Expenditures; Resource Allocation; Fees; Student Financial Aid

Abstract:
The Houston Community College (HCC) 2011-2012 Fact Book provides statistical information about the college district. It is important for the reader to be aware that data presented in this publication may differ slightly from statistics found in other district reports. Such variances may result from differences methodology including the source of information used, the reporting period covered (semester, academic year), or the student base included (semester credit, continuing education, adult education and literacy). The source of the information in each table and graph is cited, along with the date generated, the reporting period, and the students included. [For "Houston Community College 2010-2011 Fact Book," see ED531754.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Population Trends; Grandparents Raising Grandchildren; English (Second Language); Enrollment Trends; Postsecondary Education; Transportation; Unemployment; Lunch Programs; Tax Credits; Child Welfare; Welfare Services; Well Being; Urban Areas; Poverty; Nutrition; One Parent Family; Mothers; Immunization Programs; Child Health; Academic Achievement; Child Care Centers; Educational Vouchers; Special Education; Violence; Standardized Tests; Kindergarten; Preschool Education; Child Care; Access to Education; Achievement Gains; Social Services; Family Income; Child Abuse; Child Neglect; Foster Care; Birth; Body Weight; Prenatal Care; Early Parenthood; Adolescents; Infant Mortality; Death; Children; Diseases; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Environmental Influences; Hazardous Materials; Scores; Graduation Rate; Delinquency; Counties; Racial Differences; Wages; Spanish Speaking; Educational Attainment; Housing; High School Students; College Students

Abstract:
For 15 years, "Newark Kids Count" has provided insight into the challenges facing Newark's children and families. This report presents the portrait of Newark children in 2010. A special section on Newark charter schools is also presented. Advocates for Children of New Jersey's (ACNJ's) goal in choosing this topic was to inform the state's conversation on education reform. Data Sources and Technical Notes are included. [For "Newark Kids Count 2009: A City Profile of Child Well-Being," see ED519884.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Public Colleges; Graduation; Graduation Rate; Dropout Rate; Educational Attainment; Parent Background; Family Income; Race; Sex; Grades (Scholastic); Scores; Student Financial Aid; Institutional Characteristics; Minority Group Students; Low Income Groups; Time to Degree; College Transfer Students; School Holding Power

Abstract:
The United States has long been a model for accessible, affordable education, as exemplified by the country's public universities. And yet less than 60 percent of the students entering American universities today are graduating. Why is this happening, and what can be done? "Crossing the Finish Line" provides the most detailed exploration ever of college completion at America's public universities. This groundbreaking book sheds light on such serious issues as dropout rates linked to race, gender, and socioeconomic status. Probing graduation rates at twenty-one flagship public universities and four statewide systems of public higher education, the authors focus on the progress of students in the entering class of 1999--from entry to graduation, transfer, or withdrawal. They examine the effects of parental education, family income, race and gender, high school grades, test scores, financial aid, and characteristics of universities attended (especially their selectivity). The conclusions are compelling: minority students and students from poor families have markedly lower graduation rates--and take longer to earn degrees--even when other variables are taken into account. Noting the strong performance of transfer students and the effects of financial constraints on student retention, the authors call for improved transfer and financial aid policies, and suggest ways of improving the sorting processes that match students to institutions. An outstanding combination of evidence and analysis, "Crossing the Finish Line" should be read by everyone who cares about the nation's higher education system. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Academic Achievement; Learning Problems; Social Work; White Students; Elementary Secondary Education; Hispanic American Students; Barriers; National Surveys; Educational Attitudes; Student Attitudes; Family Income; Acculturation; Language Proficiency; English (Second Language); Second Language Learning; Educational Attainment; Parent Aspiration; Achievement Gap; Behavior Problems

Abstract:
This study examined different factors affecting the perceptions of barriers in academic achievement of Latino K-12 students. The study used data from 1,508 participants who identified themselves as being of Hispanic or Latino heritage in the 2004 National Survey of Latinos: Education, compiled by the Pew Hispanic Center between August 7 and October 15, 2003, to study respondents' attitudes toward education. Results indicated that higher levels of income, education, and linguistic acculturation were associated with the perception of barriers in education for Latino students. Although six potential barriers were explored, the barriers identified by the participants as reasons why Latino students do not perform as well as white students were that "Schools are too quick to label Latino students as having behavior/learning problems"; "White teachers don't understand Latino culture"; and "Latino parents neglect to push their kids to work hard." Implications for school social work practice are discussed. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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