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Descriptors:
Intellectual Freedom; Constitutional Law; Access to Information; Confidentiality; Position Papers; Public Libraries; Professional Associations; Social Networks; Library Services; Ethics; Federal Legislation; Accessibility (for Disabled); Lobbying; Political Influences; Political Issues; Privacy; Users (Information); Values

Abstract:
Updated for the first time since 2005, this indispensable volume includes revised interpretations of the Library Bill of Rights along with key intellectual freedom guidelines and policies, including: (1) A new chapter, "Interactivity and the Internet," and other fresh material on intellectual freedom and privacy in online social networks; (2) An examination of intellectual freedom for disabled library patrons; and (3) Coverage of the latest USA PATRIOT Act debates and extensions. Part I, Intellectual Freedom and Libraries: An Overview, includes: (1) Intellectual Freedom: An Enduring and All-Embracing Concept (Candace D. Morgan); (2) ALA and Intellectual Freedom: A Historical Overview (Judith F. Krug and Candace D. Morgan); and (3) Challenges and Issues Today (Candace D. Morgan). Part II, "Library Bill of Rights", includes: (1) "Library Bill of Rights": Policy Statement; and (2) "Library Bill of Rights": Interpretations. Part III, Protecting the Freedom to Read, includes: (1) The Freedom to Read; (2) Libraries: An American Value; (3) Policies and Statements Related to Access to Information, Library Resources, and Library Services; and (4) Policies and Statements Related to Confidentiality, Privacy, and Governmental Intimidation. Part IV, Code of Ethics of the American Library Association, includes: (1) Code of Ethics of the American Library Association; (2) Enforcement of the "Code of Ethics of the American Library Association": Questions and Answers; (3) Resolution on Workplace Speech; and (4) Questions and Answers on Speech in the Workplace. Part V, Intellectual Freedom and the Law, includes: (1) Public Libraries and the Public Forum Doctrine (Theresa Chmara); (2) Minors' First Amendment Rights to Access Information (Theresa Chmara); and (3) Privacy and Confidentiality in Libraries (Deborah Caldwell-Stone). Part VI, Preserving, Protecting, and Working for Intellectual Freedom, includes: (1) Preparing for and Responding to Challenges (Beverley Becker); (2) Communicating the Intellectual Freedom Message (Larra Clark with Macey Morales); (3) Lobbying for Intellectual Freedom (ALA Washington Office); and (4) Rallying for Intellectual Freedom: Where to Go for Help and How You Can Help (Angela Maycock and Nanette Perez). Preface, Acknowledgments, Introduction, Contributors, Glossary, Selected Bibliography, and Index are also included. [For "Intellectual Freedom Manual. Fifth Edition", see ED391526.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Academic Libraries; Internet; Reading Habits; Influence of Technology; Science and Society; Mass Media Effects; Mass Media Use; Information Policy; Library Administration; Library Services; Library Development; Privacy; Confidential Records; Disclosure; Information Security; Access to Information; Confidentiality

Abstract:
Colleges share many things on Twitter, but one topic can be risky to broach: the reading habits of library patrons. Patrons' privacy is precious to most librarians. Yet new Web services thrive on collecting and sharing the very information that has long been protected. This points to an emerging tension as libraries embrace digital services. Historically, libraries have been staunch defenders of patrons' privacy. Yet to embrace many aspects of the modern Internet, which has grown more social and personalized, libraries will need to "tap into and encourage increased flows of personal information from their patrons," says the privacy-and-social-media scholar Michael Zimmer. But as librarians expand digital services, they face "a Faustian bargain," warns Mr. Zimmer, an assistant professor in the School of Information Studies at the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee. In a forthcoming paper, he writes that librarians may decide that "the benefits of these advanced data-based services outweigh the traditional protection of patron privacy." Now the Web has put privacy in flux, and the lines are fuzzy as to what trade-offs libraries should make. When should data be used? When should the information be shielded? One option is to use systems that allow patrons to opt in to libraries' tracking such activities as their previous checkouts. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Libraries; Democracy; Information Technology; Public Libraries; Users (Information); Library Services

Abstract:
This article explores the historical relationships between libraries, policy, and politics in the United States. Far too often, policy and political discussions related to libraries have little historical context. While libraries have long viewed themselves as a pillar of democracy by supporting informed, educated, and engaged citizenry, political and policy decisions have treated libraries in a number of different ways, ranging from neglect to direct intervention. Tracing the development of the relationships between libraries, policy, and politics at local, state, and national levels over time, this article posits that these relationships have passed through four distinct phases. Understanding these phases and incorporating these understandings into library advocacy and perspectives in political and policy discourse will allow libraries to better assert the contributions of libraries to democracy, the reasons for the stances they take, and the importance of political and policy decisions that support and adequately fund libraries. (Contains 1 footnote.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Censorship; Public Libraries; Foreign Countries; Sex Education; Books; Library Services; Intellectual Freedom; Librarians; Reading Material Selection

Abstract:
Censorship challenges to books in UK public libraries have received renewed attention recently. This study sought to establish the incidence of censorship challenges to books in Scottish public libraries in the years 2005-2009 and the actions taken in response to these challenges. It was found that eight local authorities in Scotland had received formal censorship challenges to books, with a total of 15 challenges throughout the country. The most common action taken in response to these challenges was for the book to be kept in stock in its original position with the rationale for this explained to the complainer, with the second most common action being taken to move the title to another section of the library. Two books were removed from the library in response to a censorship challenge. The largest numbers of challenges were made against books on the basis of sexual material. (Contains 4 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Political Science; Intellectual Freedom; Anthropology; Library Science; Library Services; Librarians; Privacy; Users (Information); Philosophy; Laws; Psychology; Sociology

Abstract:
Librarians have long recognized the importance of privacy to intellectual freedom. As digital technology and its applications advance, however, efforts to protect privacy may become increasingly difficult. With some users behaving in ways that suggest they do not care about privacy and with powerful voices claiming that privacy is dead, librarians may question whether privacy is worth protecting. This article reviews some of the extensive scholarly literature on privacy from disciplines outside the field of library science, including anthropology, law, philosophy, political science, psychology, and sociology, and it identifies fourteen reasons privacy matters to individuals, relationships, and to society. It also discusses the challenge of defining privacy and addresses the question of how the concept of privacy spans cultures. Librarians may find this broader understanding of the value of privacy useful in affirming and defending their commitment to the privacy of library users. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Business Administration Education; Law Related Education; Social Networks; Web Sites; Privacy; Risk; Legal Problems; Laws; Court Litigation; Assignments; Class Activities; Group Activities; Cooperative Learning; Administrative Policy; Policy Formation; Sexual Harassment; Speech; Foreign Countries

Abstract:
The explosion of social networks and the growing concern over privacy in the digital age--both in the United States and Europe--have provided an opportunity to introduce students to the legal risks of using social media in the workplace. This article builds on the authors' classroom experiences and provides social media scenarios and projects that allow students to analyze and critically compare the workplace boundaries of social network use. Part I includes a description of an out-of-class assignment that assesses what types of social media comments students deem inappropriate in the workplace, completed by students before the professor actually discusses applicable legal principles. Then, Part II provides classroom scenarios that reinforce what students learn about the evolving law of social networks and privacy in the U.S. and the EU workplace. Part III looks at other legal considerations of social media use including sexual harassment and anonymous speech, and offers additional classroom scenarios. Part IV outlines a class project in which students collaborate in groups to develop social media policies for the U.S. workplace and compares and contrasts the impact of similar policies on EU employees. This project gives students an opportunity to synthesize their knowledge of social networks and workplace privacy and to incorporate their understanding of the legal risks posed by social media. For all the scenarios and projects, the authors also provide the reader with a set of resources to facilitate replication of the projects. The resources include a summary of The Facebook Project: Dealing with Employee Gripe Sites, each of the Classroom Discussion Scenarios, detailed instructions for the Social Media Policy project, and a rubric for grading the Social Media Policy project. (Contains 167 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Special Libraries; Library Services; Correctional Institutions; Correctional Education; Library Materials; Library Policy; Library Research; Librarian Attitudes; Intellectual Freedom; Confidentiality; Online Surveys; Library Administration

Abstract:
Prison libraries have traditionally fulfilled many purposes for their incarcerated patrons, and these libraries often carry a diverse collection to serve varied patron needs. However, during the trial of Steven Hayes for the Petit family murders, the prosecution questioned the collection development policies of the institutions where Hayes had previously been incarcerated, requesting the reading lists in efforts to prove that his salacious choices in literature fueled his crimes. This request by prosecution brought two major issues into question, including (1) the collection development policies of US prison libraries and (2) the question of patron privacy in prison libraries. This article investigates current prison library policies on collection development and confidentiality of patron borrowing records through an exploratory survey of seventeen librarians currently working in correctional institutions throughout the United States. Their responses detail collection development policies in the prison library and present the ambiguity for handling the confidentiality of patron borrowing records. (Contains 1 table, 3 figures, and 8 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Privatization; Public Libraries; Library Services; State Legislation; Library Administration; Legal Problems; Library Personnel; Case Studies; Check Lists; Data Analysis; Contracts; User Satisfaction (Information)

Abstract:
This timely special report from ALA Editions provides a succinct but comprehensive overview of the "privatization" of public libraries. It provides a history of the trend of local and state governments privatizing public services and assets, and then examines the history of public library privatization right up to the California legislation introduced earlier this year to restrict cities in the state from privatizing library services. The book also examines what happens when a private, for-profit organization takes over essential management tasks and decisions of a public library, including the effects this can have on services, patron satisfaction and staff, as well as legal issues. It provides in-depth recommendations for librarians who want to retain control of their own institutions. Complete with case studies, statistics, and a valuable checklist of to-dos for libraries that are facing partial or complete privatization. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Compliance (Legal); Social Work; School Social Workers; Privacy; School Law; Recordkeeping; Time; Barriers; Student Records; Federal Legislation; Confidentiality; Board of Education Policy; Misconceptions; Legal Responsibility; State Legislation

Abstract:
This article documents results of a survey of 73 school social workers regarding their record-keeping practices. These social workers indicated that time pressures are a major challenge to documentation; they struggle to know what to include, and they worry about privacy. More than half fail to consistently include assessment information, progress toward goals, and information on services provided. More than 75 percent do not provide periodic and closing case summaries, pre- and post-test scores, and information on how they have made decisions. Some 80 percent of respondents were in violation of Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act requirements to share records with parents or guardians who request them, and only half were aware of their district's policies on sharing information with third parties. There was widespread misunderstanding of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, and half of the respondents were unaware of their state laws regarding record keeping. These findings are concerning, as school social workers who are not informed of legal mandates may be putting themselves and their districts at some liability risk, and those who do not keep records with sufficient information to reflect on their practice may be missing opportunities to improve their work with student clients. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Public Libraries; Library Services; Computer Use; Internet; Use Studies; Demography; Barriers; Motivation; Surveys; Users (Information)

Abstract:
Public libraries play an important part in the development of a community. Today, they are seen as more than store houses of books; they are also responsible for the dissemination of online, and offline information. Public access computers are becoming increasingly popular as more and more people understand the need for internet access. Using a series of surveys conducted in 12 libraries across the state of Michigan, the current study is a step towards understanding why the computing facilities are widely used, and what are the motivations behind their use. In addition, barriers and other factors that hinder usage are also discussed. The findings from this study will help policy makers and library administrators evaluate the current allocation of scarce resources, help them promote greater use of the library's resources, and guide their future course of action. The study is conducted as part of a federally funded public computing center grant. (Contains 6 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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