This literature review focuses upon research addressing the playing of music and its effects upon the academic performance and behavior of students with exceptionalities. Literature on music's effects on academic performance focuses primarily on mathematics, reading, and ability to attend to study materials. Behavioral research focused on the effects of different types of music on task-related behavior, unacceptable behavior, interpersonal conflicts, motor activity rate, relaxation, and attention span. The review concludes that findings regarding the effect of music on studying, math and reading performance, activity rates, and social behavior are unclear and often contradictory. Research needs are outlined. (27 references) (JDD)